The invention provides methods and compositions for making and using collagen-glycosaminoglycan three-dimensional scaffolds immobilized with biomolecules that are spatially and temporally patterned. The method comprises adding benzophenone to a collagen-glycosaminoglycan three dimensional scaffold in the dark; adding one or more biomolecules to one or more areas of the collagen-glycosaminoglycan three-dimensional scaffold (which can be done optionally in the dark or in the light); and exposing the collagen-2glycosaminoglycan three-dimensional scaffold to light at a wavelength of about 350 to about 365 nm.

In one aspect, methods of promoting asymmetric nerve growth and/or regeneration are described herein. In some embodiments, such a method comprises exposing a population of transected or severed nerves to a first molecular growth cue and to a second molecular growth cue. The population of transected nerves comprises one or more nerves of a first nerve type and one or more nerves of a second nerve type differing from the first nerve type. Additionally, the first molecular growth cue preferentially promotes growth of the first nerve type, as compared to the second nerve type. Similarly, the second molecular growth cue preferentially promotes growth of the second nerve type, as compared to the first nerve type. Moreover, the first molecular growth cue is spatially separated from the second molecular growth cue.

The present invention includes a composition comprising a tissue engineered axonal tract, as well as a method of making it. The invention also includes methods for treating nerve injury in a subject by contacting the site of nerve injury with a tissue engineered axonal tract, wherein the axons from the tissue engineered axonal tract fuse with axons from the subject.

Star block copolymers having 3 to 8 arms are formed as a 3D foam scaffold having tailor-made pore sizes that mimic an actual cell size of a specific animal and/or human tissue and/or organs. The pore sizes are made within the elastomeric foams via a salt leaching process wherein a salt of a specific particle size is blended within the star block copolymers and crosslinked as by polyisocyanate compounds. Water or other suitable solvent are utilized to dissolve and leach out the salt leaving an open pore system. Animal and/or human cells are then injected into the 3D elastomeric foam scaffold that contains pendant liquid crystals on the star block copolymer whereby with the aid of nutrients, cells are formed within the pore system that are viable for at least three months. The size of the pore is predetermined to produce a desired cultured cell having a desired size. The tissue and/or cells within the elastomeric scaffold can be applied to animal and/or human tissue and/or organs whereupon they grow and reconstruct the damaged, injured, diseased, etc., area and result in a healthy, repaired, and viable tissue or organ. The elastomeric liquid crystal containing foam scaffold will degrade naturally and/or also be consumed by the growing cells so that it no longer exists. In other words, a specific type of animal or human cell can be culturally produced having a predetermined average cell diameter that is substantially or essentially the same diameter of a natural cell.

This invention is directed to a multi-layered tissue graft comprising a collagen layer and at least one separated and washed placental tissue component and/or umbilical cord component, wherein the collagen is human collagen substantially free of non-human antigens.

A 3D printed tubular construct, such as a nephron, with or without embedded vasculature as well as methods of printing tubular tissue constructs are described.

The present invention relates to a support or a multiscale hierarchical scaffold for the tissue regeneration, in particular for the regeneration or replacement of the tendinous and/or ligamentous and/or muscular and/or nervous tissue. The present invention further relates to the processes for obtaining such support and the uses thereof.

Embodiments described herein relate to restorative solutions for segmental peripheral nerve (PN) defects using allografted PNs for stimulating PN repair. More specifically, embodiments described herein provide for localized immunosuppression (LIS) surrounding PN allografts as an alternative to systemically suppressing a patient's entire immune system. Methods include localized release of immunosuppressive (ISV) agents are contemplated in one embodiment. Methods also include localized application of immunosuppressive (ISV) regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in other embodiments. Hydrogel carrier materials for delivery of ISV agents and are also described herein.

A three-dimensional electrospun nanofiber scaffold for use in repairing a defect in a tissue substrate is provided. The three-dimensional electrospun nanofiber scaffold includes a first layer formed by a first plurality of electrospun polymeric fibers and a second layer formed by a second plurality of electrospun polymeric fibers. The second layer is coupled to the first layer using a coupling process and includes a plurality of varying densities formed by the second plurality of electrospun polymeric fibers. The first and second layers are configured to degrade via hydrolysis after at least one of a predetermined time or an environmental condition. The three-dimensional electrospun nanofiber scaffold is configured to be applied to the tissue substrate containing the defect.

A three-dimensional porous polyurethane scaffold for repairing central nerve injuries and a preparation method are disclosed. The scaffold includes three-dimensional porous polyurethane, wherein the compression modulus of the three-dimensional porous polyurethane is 0.001-10.0 MPa and the pore diameter is 10-200 m. The three-dimensional porous polyurethane scaffold has an efficient central nerve repair function without additionally inoculating functional cells or factors and can partially restore the original nerve function of tested animals, the preparation method is simple and it has a great prospect of application.