A modular hydroponic tower array fixture system for the growth of organisms such as plants and fungi on arrays of hydroponic towers, allowing for the insertion and removal of individual towers from the array, is provided. Methods for the production of organisms such as plants and fungi using a modular hydroponic tower array fixture system are also provided herein.

A plant cultivating container comprising a hollow cell (10) for holding a growing medium and a plant. The cell has side walls (11), a base (20) and an open top (12). Air vents (30) are disposed on the side walls of the container. The base is vertically-movable base with guide tabs (21) which are extendable though an air vent. When the vertically-movable base is pushed upwards to eject the cultivated plant, the vertical movement is guided by engagement of the tabs within the air vents resulting in uniform support at all sides of the base. This enables the removal of the growing medium and the plant cultivated within it, in a substantially compact unit resulting in minimized root damage and transplant shock to the cultivated plant. The air vents of the plant cultivating container further comprises retaining flaps (31) to aid in the pruning of the roots.

A greenwall cladding system for the growth of organisms such as plants and fungi on the side of structures, such as internal and external walls of buildings, is provided. Methods for the production of organisms on a greenwall cladding system, such as plants and fungi are also provided herein.

A method for processing raw coconut coir pith into fine particles and the use of such fine particles directly or in formulated form in agricultural, industrial and commercial applications.

A plantlet holder (25) is formed of nutrient solution-absorbing, open celled, phenolic foam, with an upper handling portion (55), an insertion well (60) for a plantlet and a lower portion (56) adapted to laterally locate in a ring (30) in a work stand (24), the handling portion (55) adapted to be frictionally gripped for robotic or manual handling. Robotic handling apparatus includes a pair of plantlet holder gripper manipulator arms (40) adapted to engage the handling portion (55) for movement of a plantlet holder (25) between a material source portion, an operator work portion (14), and a material delivery portion. The operator work portion (14) is characterised by the work stands (24) locating the plantlet holders vertically by a step portion (32).

A grow media includes a layered grow media including a mechanical support structure layer and a wicking structure layer. The mechanical support structure layer and the wicking structure layer are coupled together in a vertical configuration.

A grow media includes a layered grow media including a mechanical support structure layer and a wicking structure layer. The mechanical support structure layer and the wicking structure layer are coupled together in a vertical configuration.

Various disclosed examples relate to a growth medium including expanded polymer particulates, as well as a growth environment including the growth medium, a container housing a nutrient solution and a plant such that roots of the plant are received in the growth medium. Associated methods of preparing the growth medium are also contemplated, including sterilization of the growth medium and preparation of the growth medium with a growth promoting agent.

A gel plug comprised of a gel may be used for growth of plants. The gel may include two polysaccharide components, with a second of the two components providing increased rigidity Plants may be grown, including from seed, in the gel plug.

Some aspects of the disclosure relate to composite materials and cultivation systems with particular utility for use in aquaculture, for example cultivating various species of seaweed. The systems comprise at least one highly tortuous and often micro-fibrous material and at least one material having low tortuosity. These systems may be configured in a variety of shapes and associated with a number of different structures. Some of these composite materials and cultivation systems may be used in both direct and indirect seeding of macroalgae plants such as seaweed.