A structure forming method of present invention includes a first step including forming a first pattern serving as a fine pattern using an electromagnetic wave thermal conversion material on a first surface, on the side on which an expansion layer which expands by heating is provided, of a medium including the expansion layer and then irradiating an electromagnetic wave toward the electromagnetic wave thermal conversion material to expand a portion, corresponding to the first pattern, of the expansion layer, and a second step including forming a second pattern including a coarser pattern than the first pattern using an electromagnetic wave thermal conversion material on a second surface, on the opposite side to the side on which the expansion layer is provided, of the medium and then irradiating an electromagnetic wave toward the electromagnetic wave thermal conversion material to expand a portion, corresponding to the second pattern, of the expansion layer.

The present disclosure is drawn to methods of embossing print media, printing systems, and printers. In one example, a method of embossing a print medium can include printing a radiation absorbing ink on a coated print medium to form a printed area. The coated print medium can include a print substrate and an expanding coating layer on the print substrate. The expanding coating layer can include a thermal expansion agent having a minimum expansion temperature. The method can further include heating the coated print medium using a heater such that the printed area and unprinted area reach a first temperature from 5 C to 90 C below the minimum expansion temperature. The coated print medium can be irradiated with radiation having a wavelength from 200 nm to 400 nm to selectively heat the print area and expand the thermal expansion agent in the printed area.

According to one implementation, a preform shaping method for producing a preform having a web, a flange, and a chamfered portion includes: pressing a first portion of a laminated body of fiber sheets by sandwiching the first portion between a first mold and a second mold; and pressing a second portion of the laminated body of the fiber sheets after pressing the first portion. The first portion corresponds to the web. The second portion corresponds to the flange. The first mold fits a surface in one side of the web, an inner surface of the chamfered portion and a surface in one side of the flange. The second mold fits a surface in the other side of the web. The second portion is pressed by sandwiching the second portion between the first mold and a third mold.

A method for forming holes within an uncured composite sheet includes perforating the uncured composite sheet with a plurality of pins of a metallic pin mat and heating the plurality of pins to heat portions of the uncured composite sheet surrounding each pin.

A curing device delivers localized curing energy along a pattern of curable material printed over a substrate. A curing head of the device can emit a column of curing energy along an emission axis and toward a substrate carrying the pattern of curable material, and a movement system provides relative movement between the curing head and the substrate so that the column of curing energy is guided along the pattern. Localized delivery of the curing energy enables printing and curing of printed materials on low temperature substrates such as thermoplastics.

A wide-neck synthetic resin container has a neck, a body and a bottom. A top side of the neck is sealed by a cap. The neck includes a neck tubular section, an engagement section protruding outward therefrom and engaging the cap, and a flange protruding outward at the top side. The flange protrudes less than the engagement section. The neck's top side includes a first top side formed by the neck tubular section, and a second top side formed by the flange that is the same height level with the first top side and increases an area of the top side. The neck tubular section has a uniform thickness at an area immediately below the flange and an area where the engagement section is formed. A thickness of the flange is smaller than that of the neck tubular section, and the neck has been crystallized.

A method is disclosed in which an abnormal temperature is detected based on analysis of temperature data received from a sensor disposed in a target zone, where the target zone is to receive build material for additive manufacture of multiple substantially similar parts. The abnormal temperature is replaced with an estimated temperature based on the analysis.

A method of producing a fiber-reinforced resin by press-molding a prepreg preform contains a reinforcing fiber and a thermosetting resin, the method including (a) a preform production step of producing a preform; (b) a placement and preheating step of placing the preform in a mold and preheating the preform; (c) a pressing step of changing the preform into a product shape; and (d) a curing step of curing the preform while pressurizing the preform, wherein, at start of the pressing step (c), a degree of cure e of the thermosetting resin in a specific part of the preform is higher than a degree of cure i of the thermosetting resin in a region other than the specific part of the preform.

Systems for cure control of additive manufacturing comprise a build volume, a curing energy source, and a controller. The curing energy source is configured to actively deliver curing energy to discrete sections of a part as it is being additively manufactured. The controller is programmed to direct delivery of curing energy to impart desired cure properties to the discrete sections and/or according to predetermined cure profiles for the discrete sections. Methods of additively manufacturing a part comprise additively building a part from a feedstock material, and actively curing discrete sections of the part as it is being additively built to impart desired cure properties to the part and/or desired cure profiles to the part.

The present disclosure provides methods for printing at least a portion of a three-dimensional (3D) object, comprising receiving, in computer memory, a model of the 3D object. Next, at least one filament material from a source of the at least one filament material may be directed towards a substrate that is configured to support the 3D object, thereby depositing a first layer corresponding to a portion of the 3D object adjacent to the substrate. A second layer corresponding to at least a portion of the 3D object may be deposited. The first and second layer may be deposited in accordance with the model of the 3D object. At least a first energy beam from at least one energy source may be used to selectively melt at least a portion of the first layer and/or the second layer, thereby forming at least a portion of the 3D object.