A sheet manufacturing apparatus includes a screening unit having first openings for screening a defibrated material that is defibrating-processed; a refining unit that has second openings having sizes equal to or greater than sizes of the first openings and refines the defibrated material passing through the screening unit by causing the defibrated material to pass through the second openings; and a deposition unit on which the defibrated material passing through the refining unit is deposited.

A sheet manufacturing apparatus includes a screening unit having first openings for screening a defibrated material that is defibrating-processed; a refining unit that has second openings having sizes equal to or greater than sizes of the first openings and refines the defibrated material passing through the screening unit by causing the defibrated material to pass through the second openings; and a deposition unit on which the defibrated material passing through the refining unit is deposited.

A flexible mat forming system may include an elongate, rotatable drum having a plurality of transverse rows of mold cavities about an outer periphery thereof, an elongate hopper positioned adjacent the drum, the hopper shaped to receive a hardenable paste and deposit the hardenable paste along a facing row of the plurality of transverse rows of mold cavities, a spool assembly for feeding a sheet of mesh material between the hopper and the facing row, and a retaining plate extending partially about the outer periphery of the drum and positioned on a downstream side of the elongate hopper, the retaining plate spaced sufficiently close to the outer periphery to retain the mesh material against the outer periphery of the drum and the hardenable paste within the mold cavities adjacent the retaining plate.

An optical film has a plurality of aligned convex microlenses, each of which has a region α and a region β, region β forming the outer part of the convex shape of the microlens and positioned so as to cover region α. Both region α and region β contain a resin, and the refractive index of the resin in region α is higher than the refractive index of the resin in region β; region β contains fine particles, and region α contains fine particles, and the content of the fine particles contained in region α is lower than the content of the fine particles contained in region β; or region α contains fine particles, and region β contains fine particles, and the content of the fine particles contained in region α is higher than the content of the fine particles contained in region β.

An optical film has a plurality of aligned convex microlenses, each of which has a region α and a region β, region β forming the outer part of the convex shape of the microlens and positioned so as to cover region α. Both region α and region β contain a resin, and the refractive index of the resin in region α is higher than the refractive index of the resin in region β; region β contains fine particles, and region α contains fine particles, and the content of the fine particles contained in region α is lower than the content of the fine particles contained in region β; or region α contains fine particles, and region β contains fine particles, and the content of the fine particles contained in region α is higher than the content of the fine particles contained in region β.

A method for manufacturing a molded surface fastener may include using, as a synthetic resin forming the molded surface fastener, a thermoplastic resin having a melt flow rate of 20 g/10 min or more and 60 g/10 min or less and a flexural modulus of 1000 MPa or more and 2300 MPa or less. Consequently, an engaging element in which a top end surface of an engaging head portion is flat, and at least a part of a back-side proximal end surface of the engaging head portion has an angle of 70° or more and 110° or less with respect to a height direction of the stem portion can be stably molded, and thus the molded surface fastener that has a high peel strength and a good texture can be obtained.

A method for manufacturing a molded surface fastener may include using, as a synthetic resin forming the molded surface fastener, a thermoplastic resin having a melt flow rate of 20 g/10 min or more and 60 g/10 min or less and a flexural modulus of 1000 MPa or more and 2300 MPa or less. Consequently, an engaging element in which a top end surface of an engaging head portion is flat, and at least a part of a back-side proximal end surface of the engaging head portion has an angle of 70° or more and 110° or less with respect to a height direction of the stem portion can be stably molded, and thus the molded surface fastener that has a high peel strength and a good texture can be obtained.

Provided is a dope used when a film containing an acrylic-based resin and a core-shell type graft copolymer is made by a solution casting method, in which turbidity is less likely to occur despite the use of a core-shell type graft copolymer having a core layer with a large particle diameter. A dope for producing a film by a solution casting method contains a thermoplastic acrylic-based resin, a graft copolymer, and a solvent. In this dope, the graft copolymer has a core layer and a shell layer, the core layer has an average particle diameter of 125 to 400 nm, the graft copolymer has a degree of swelling by methyl ethyl ketone of 3.5 or more, and the solvent has a hydrogen bonding term δH in a Hansen solubility parameter of 6.0 or more and 8.0 or less.

Apparatus to make decorations on a prefabricated water-proofing bitumen-mix membrane, wherein the decorations are made by depositing solid particles, in the form of flakes, grains, sand or grit, suitable to adhere to at least one surface of said prefabricated water-proofing bitumen-mix membrane. The apparatus includes at least one transfer member provided with a support surface suitable to receive, support and transfer the solid particles toward the surface to be enhanced of the prefabricated water-proofing bitumen-mix membrane. The support surface is provided with a plurality of cavities suitable to receive the solid particles. The cavities are made inside at least one surface portion of the support surface and the surface portion, essentially reproducing the shape and sizes of at least one of the decorations.

Apparatus to make decorations on a prefabricated water-proofing bitumen-mix membrane, wherein the decorations are made by depositing solid particles, in the form of flakes, grains, sand or grit, suitable to adhere to at least one surface of said prefabricated water-proofing bitumen-mix membrane. The apparatus includes at least one transfer member provided with a support surface suitable to receive, support and transfer the solid particles toward the surface to be enhanced of the prefabricated water-proofing bitumen-mix membrane. The support surface is provided with a plurality of cavities suitable to receive the solid particles. The cavities are made inside at least one surface portion of the support surface and the surface portion, essentially reproducing the shape and sizes of at least one of the decorations.