An inspiratory resistor valve system (IRV) to regulate intrathoracic pressure during positive pressure breathing, spontaneous inspirations, and CPR may include an inspiratory port. The IRV system may include patient port. The IRV system may include a separate expiratory port. The IRV may include a plurality of atmospheric pressure sensitive valves. The plurality of atmospheric pressure sensitive valves may isolate the expiratory port and the inspiratory port from one another.

A system includes a guidance device that provides feedback to a user to compress a patient's chest at a rate of between about 90 and 110 compressions per minute and at a depth of between about 4.5 centimeters to about 6 centimeters. The system includes a pressure regulation system having a pressure-responsive valve that is configured to be coupled to a patient's airway. The pressure-responsive valve is configured to remain closed during successive chest compressions in order to permit removal at least about 200 ml from the lungs in order to lower intracranial pressure to improve survival with favorable neurological function. The pressure-responsive valve is configured to remain closed until the negative pressure within the patient's airway reaches about 7 cm H.sub.2O, at which time the pressure-responsive valve is configured to open to provide respiratory gases to flow to the lungs through the pressure-responsive valve.

A portable artificial respirator for a pet comprises: a mask part configured to cover the mouth and nose of the pet and having a mouth opening and a nose opening formed in the front end portion thereof; and an air injection part detachably coupled to the mask part, wherein the air injection part communicates with the mask part while at least a part thereof is inserted into the mouth opening of the mask part when the air injection part is coupled to the mask part. The portable artificial respirator enables a person to safely carry out artificial respiration without bringing his/her mouth into direct contact with a pet's mouth to prevent the pet who recovers consciousness from attacking the person who is providing the artificial respiration and can be assembled, disassembled, and carried in an easy and simple manner.

Examples of systems, apparatuses, and methods for determining whether CPR is being conducted based on an impedance signal are described. An example system may include a defibrillator including a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) analyzer configured to detect an impedance signal between electrodes applied to a chest of a patient. The CPR analyzer may be further configured to transform the impedance signal to a frequency domain representation to provide transformed frequency data, and to detect peaks within the transformed frequency data. The CPR analyzer may be further configured to classify the impedance signal as one of CPR or no CPR based on the detected peaks. The CPR analyzer may be further configured to determine a chest compression rate based on the detected peaks.

Among other things, we describe a system that includes a first medical device for treating a patient at an emergency care scene, the first medical device including a processor and a memory configured to detect a request for a connection between the first medical device and a second medical device for treating the patient at the emergency care scene, the request for connection including an identifier of the second medical device, responsive to receiving the request for connection, enabling a wireless communication channel to be established between the first medical device and the second medical device based on the identifier of the second medical device and an identifier of the first medical device; and enabling transmission and/or exchange of patient data between the first medical device and the second medical device via the wireless communication channel. Such communications with more than two devices may also be possible.

Systems and devices preferably provided as a kit with multiple components, and methods of use, for responding to toxic cane toad poisoning in animals.

Disclosed is a nasal ventilation mask having separate ports to monitor end-tidal CO.sub.2 expulsion integrated into the mask in order to monitor end-tidal CO.sub.2 expelled nasally or orally. Also disclosed is a CPR mask for nose-to-mouth and/or mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, having a body shaped to cover the nose and/or mouth of a victim, said mask including a CO.sub.2 absorber for eliminating at least in part rescuer's exhaled CO.sub.2 delivered to the victim.