A method of method of high flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) and carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) monitoring includes delivering high flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) via a central lumen of a nasal cannula, the nasal cannula comprising a proximal end, a distal end positioned within a pharynx region of a patient's airway, and the central lumen and a sampling lumen formed within a wall of the nasal cannula. The method also includes receiving sampled exhaled breath of the patient via the sampling lumen at a CO.sub.2 monitor, wherein the sampling lumen is configured to sample the exhaled breath at the pharynx region through the CO2-permeable membrane and direct the sampled exhaled breath to a CO.sub.2 monitor fluidly coupled to the sampling lumen and determining a level of CO.sub.2 in the exhaled breath using the CO.sub.2 monitor.

The invention allows for considerably improving the efficiency of inhalation treatment of various diseases and conditions in pulmonology, therapy, intensive treatment, anesthesiology, and sports medicine and is provided with new integral technical solutions while employing the opportunities of microelectronic technology and modern components. A modular structure of the apparatus simplifies its manufacture, ensures the ease of setting it up, and operation in various operating modes. When using the invention, monitoring of the ventilation indicators and patient condition with achieving his high safety level may be ensured; in sports medicine a problem of rehabilitation and training of athletes with the background of extreme loads and increased ventilation indicators is solved.

The present system (10) comprises a subject interface (22), a segmenter (12), a loosener (14), sensors (18), and computer processors (28). The segmenter is configured to selectively control gas flow through the subject interface to provide high amplitude pressure oscillations (44) during exhalation such that the high amplitude pressure oscillations aid cough productivity in the subject. The loosener controls gas flow through the subject interface to provide low amplitude pressure oscillations (43, 63) during inhalation (48, 68) and exhalation (49) such that the low amplitude pressure oscillations loosen respiratory secretions. The computer processors detect trigger events based on the output signals such that the one or more trigger events include a loosening trigger event and a segmenting trigger event (66); and responsive to detecting the loosening trigger event, control the loosener to provide the low amplitude pressure oscillations, and, responsive to detecting the segmenting trigger event, control the segmenter to provide the high amplitude pressure oscillations.

A patient circuit of a ventilation system, such as a non-invasive open ventilation system, wherein the patient circuit comprises a nasal pillows style patient interface that incorporates at least one Venturi effect jet pump proximal to the patient. The patient circuit further comprises a pair of uniquely configured 3-way connectors which, in cooperation with several uniquely configured tri-lumen tubing segments, facilitate the cooperative engagement of the patient interface to a ventilator of the ventilation system.

A non-invasive ventilation system may include at least one outer tube with a proximal lateral end of the outer tube adapted to extend to a side of a nose. The at least one outer tube may also include a throat section. At least one coupler may be located at a distal section of the outer tube for impinging at least one nostril and positioning the at least one outer tube relative to the at least one nostril. At least one jet nozzle may be positioned within the outer tube at the proximal lateral end and in fluid communication with a pressurized gas supply. At least one opening in the distal section may be adapted to be in fluid communication with the nostril. At least one aperture in the at least one outer tube may be in fluid communication with ambient air. The at least one aperture may be in proximity to the at least one jet nozzle.

The present disclosure relates to determining a corrected exhaled gas measurement during high flow respiratory therapy. Measuring exhaled gas concentration during high flow respiratory therapy is difficult and inaccurate due to a phenomenon known as flushing. The high flows delivered to the patient flush the dead space in the conducting airways, which causes a dilution effect that results in underestimated or overestimated exhaled gas measurement depending on the gas composition delivered by the high flow system. This can lead to incorrect clinical measurements and diagnoses. Various algorithms are disclosed herein to account for the dilution effect caused by flushing, allowing for the method of measuring gas concentrations to still be used accurately for clinical measurements.

Gas flow reversing element (1) for the use of a gas supply (14) under excess pressure, in particular inspiratory gases, for selectively generating a gas flow (8) from or to a line connector (6) which can in particular be connected to an airway of a patient, said gas flow reversing element (1) being designed as a main piece (2), the main piece (2) at least comprising an inflow region (9), a nozzle region (15) and a mixing region (16), and further a branching piece (3), the inflow region (9) connecting a pressure connector (4), for connection to the gas supply (14), to at least one closable outlet opening (5) arranged in the mixing region (16), and the branching piece (3) connecting the nozzle region (15) of the main piece (2) to the line connector (6), wherein a nozzle (7), particularly an injector nozzle, is configured and arranged in the nozzle region (15) in such a way that, a gas flow (8) flowing along a first flow path (20) through the main piece (2) from the pressure connector (4) subsequently through the inflow region (9), the flow region (28), the nozzle region (15) and through the nozzle (7) into the mixing region (16) to the outlet opening (5), with the outlet opening (5) opened, can generate a gas flow (8) in the branching piece (3) flowing along a second flow path (21) from the line connector (6) and subsequently through the branching piece (3), through the nozzle region (15) and through the mixing region (16) to the outlet opening (5), wherein the gas flow reversing element (1) further comprises a bypass (18) connecting the pressure connector (4) and the line connector (6) so that a gas flow (8) can flow along a third flow path (22) via the inflow region (9), the bypass (18) and the branching piece (3), wherein at least the bypass (18) and the flow region (28) are closable by at least one closing element (19), so that the gas flow (8) can bypass the nozzle (7) in the nozzle region (15) via the bypass (18) along the third flow path (22). The invention further relates to method for controlling expiration of a patient.

The present invention relates to systems and methods for multi-frequency oscillatory ventilation (MFOV). The system uses a broadband flow waveform more suitable for the heterogeneous mechanics of the lung. The system provides more efficient gas exchange and enhanced lung recruitment at lower airway pressures.

A non-invasive ventilation system may include a nasal interface. The nasal interface may include a left outer tube with a distal end adapted to impinge a left nostril, at least one left opening in the left distal end in pneumatic communication with the left nostril, and a left proximal end of the left outer tube in fluid communication with ambient air. The left proximal end of the left outer tube may curve laterally away from a midline of a face. A right outer tube may be similarly provided. One or more left jet nozzles may direct ventilation gas into the left outer tube, and one or more right jet nozzles may direct ventilation gas into the right outer tube. The jet nozzles may be in fluid communication with the pressurized gas supply.

A method of drying an anesthesia breathing system includes removing a CO.sub.2 absorber from the anesthesia breathing system, when the CO.sub.2 absorber is connected to an absorber inlet port and an absorber outlet port. The method further includes moving a bag-to-vent flow diverter to an intermediate position so as to simultaneously open both a bag channel and a ventilator channel, and connecting an inspiratory port and an expiratory port of the anesthesia breathing system together. A dry gas source is connected to an absorber outlet channel, and then a dry gas flow is provided through the bag channel and the ventilator channel so as to dry out moisture from a bag circuit and a ventilator circuit of the anesthesia breathing system.