An irrigation management system which allows for modulation of the watering gradient along crop rows. The system may include dual drip lines which allow for selection of gradients based upon the time each of the dual lines is active. The system may utilize pressure sensitive valves which select drip lines based upon the inlet feed water pressure. The system may include drip emitters which modify flow rates based upon inlet feed water pressure.

A tree sprinkler comprising curved articulating watering extensions pivotally connected to a central tubular housing, allowing the sprinkler to be placed around the trunk of a tree. The pivotal connections allow the extensions to open to any size. The extensions are preferably rigid and have nozzles or the like to spray the trunk of the tree or shrubs. The extensions may be removable and/or extendable to accommodate varying sizes of trees or shrubs.

A tree sprinkler comprising curved articulating watering extensions pivotally connected to a central tubular housing, allowing the sprinkler to be placed around the trunk of a tree. The pivotal connections allow the extensions to open to any size. The extensions are preferably rigid and have nozzles or the like to spray the trunk of the tree or shrubs. The extensions may be removable and/or extendable to accommodate varying sizes of trees or shrubs.

The present invention provides devices and methods for the impregnation of air with the vapor or aerosol of a substance in a ‘controllable manner to enable the testing or training of detection means to evaluate and quantify the presence of the substance in an enclosed volume, and iη• particular to enable production of training aids and quality assurance test items for use in canine-olfaction based security screening.

The present invention provides devices and methods for the impregnation of air with the vapor or aerosol of a substance in a ‘controllable manner to enable the testing or training of detection means to evaluate and quantify the presence of the substance in an enclosed volume, and iη• particular to enable production of training aids and quality assurance test items for use in canine-olfaction based security screening.

A drip irrigation tube is provided with metering elements comprising respectively inlet regions, through which the water in the tube arrives in the metering elements, metering regions, formed by a labyrinth channel, which is delimited by two lateral walls, a cover and the walling of the drip irrigation tube and in which a pressure reduction of the water flowing through takes place, and outlet regions, through which the water emerges out of the drip irrigation tube via outlet openings made in the tube walling. The respective outlet region borders at least on one lateral wall, of the labyrinth channel; at least one region of this lateral wall is covered by an elastic membrane forming a portion of the cover, so that the lateral wall is able to be lifted off of the tube wall by means of the elastic membrane and forms a passage through which the water from the labyrinth channel arrives directly in the outlet region. The water flowing through the metering element can thereby be metered depending upon the water pressure in the drip irrigation tube.

A drip irrigation tube is provided with metering elements comprising respectively inlet regions, through which the water in the tube arrives in the metering elements, metering regions, formed by a labyrinth channel, which is delimited by two lateral walls, a cover and the walling of the drip irrigation tube and in which a pressure reduction of the water flowing through takes place, and outlet regions, through which the water emerges out of the drip irrigation tube via outlet openings made in the tube walling. The respective outlet region borders at least on one lateral wall, of the labyrinth channel; at least one region of this lateral wall is covered by an elastic membrane forming a portion of the cover, so that the lateral wall is able to be lifted off of the tube wall by means of the elastic membrane and forms a passage through which the water from the labyrinth channel arrives directly in the outlet region. The water flowing through the metering element can thereby be metered depending upon the water pressure in the drip irrigation tube.

A system and method for water irrigation system are provided. The water irrigation system includes a set of pressure modulators for generating a set of modulated pressure signals that include an actuating pressure signal and a de-actuating pressure signal. The water irrigation system includes a set of irrigating elements. Each of the irrigating elements includes a water emitter connected to a pressure sensing circuit. The pressure sensing circuit is for actuating the water emitter responsive to the actuating signal and de-actuating the water emitter responsive to the de-actuating signal. The water irrigation system further includes tubing for carrying water for irrigation and the modulated pressure signals to the irrigating element.

Irrigation bag for irrigation of primarily fully-grown, mature and collection trees, which contains at least one non-pressurized filling opening (3) and/or at least one filling opening (4) with pressure filling fitting, and it also contains in the lower part simple openings (21) for discharging liquid and/or waterproof seams and/or dripper (22) and/or connecting piece (23) with dripping hose connection (24), and the volume of the bag is up to 4000 litres. Irrigation bag assembly, where at least one bag (1) contains at least one non-pressurized filling opening (3) and/or at least one filling opening (4) with pressure filling fitting, and the bags (1) are connected via a connecting hose (51) connected with openings (4) and/or connected with connecting elements (5). Tree irrigation method using bags or bag assembly where the bag (1) or bag assembly (1) is placed as close to the tree canopy dripline (103) at least partly on permeable subsoil (104).

Irrigation bag for irrigation of primarily fully-grown, mature and collection trees, which contains at least one non-pressurized filling opening (3) and/or at least one filling opening (4) with pressure filling fitting, and it also contains in the lower part simple openings (21) for discharging liquid and/or waterproof seams and/or dripper (22) and/or connecting piece (23) with dripping hose connection (24), and the volume of the bag is up to 4000 litres. Irrigation bag assembly, where at least one bag (1) contains at least one non-pressurized filling opening (3) and/or at least one filling opening (4) with pressure filling fitting, and the bags (1) are connected via a connecting hose (51) connected with openings (4) and/or connected with connecting elements (5). Tree irrigation method using bags or bag assembly where the bag (1) or bag assembly (1) is placed as close to the tree canopy dripline (103) at least partly on permeable subsoil (104).