A method for installing a liner in a large diameter pipeline. In accordance with the method, the interior surface of the pipeline to be repaired is prepared by removing excess debris and dirt. A repair composite is brought into the tunnel or pipeline in a dry state. Once the dry repair composite is laid out in the structure to be repaired the repair composite is folded out and saturated and wetted out with high pressure spray guns. The spray guns are employed within the structure and an appropriate resin material is applied as required to wet out the fiber material. A calibration bladder is inflated and holds the repair composite in place against the pipeline walls until the epoxy resin is fully cured. Once the process is complete, the bladder tube is retrieved out of the system leaving the repair composite as a stand-alone system.

Embodiments provide a lamination machine and lamination process for laminating a membrane to a three-dimensional (3D) target surface of an article, such as a footwear article, glove, clothing article, backpack, or other article. The lamination machine may include an inflatable former that is permeable to air. The inflatable former may have a shape that generally corresponds to a shape of the target surface. The membrane and target surface may be arranged on the former, with a heat-activated adhesive disposed between the membrane and the target surface. The lamination machine may further include a pump to pump heated compressed air into the former. The heated compressed air may inflate the former to press the membrane against the target surface and to activate the adhesive to bond the membrane to the target surface.

An elongate hollow structure and method of constructing the hollow structure is described, whereby the hollow structure includes a radially inner portion and a radially outer portion adapted to be merged together to form a tubular wall structure. The method includes providing the radially inner portion, providing the radially outer portion about the radially inner portion, wherein a space exists between the radially inner and outer portions, the space containing a gas therein, and expanding the inner portion. The gas within the space between the inner and outer portions is arranged to be expelled as the inner portion is expanded.

A pipe-liner system for lining a pipe and methods of use thereof. A continuous, eversible extended liner is formed from a pipe-liner attached to an extender-tube via a substantially leak-proof connection there between. Lengths of the extender-tube and the pipe-liner are each chosen so that the pipe-liner is caused to be accurately positioned within the pipe upon everting the extended liner into the pipe by a pressurized fluid. The pipe-liner is held against an interior surface of the pipe being lined by inserting an inflatable bladder into the extended liner and filling the bladder with pressurized fluid. When a resin in the pipe-liner has hardened, the bladder is removed and the extender-tube is detached from the pipe-liner.

A pipe-liner system for lining a pipe and methods of use thereof. A continuous, eversible extended liner is formed from a pipe-liner attached to an extender-tube via a substantially leak-proof connection there between. Lengths of the extender-tube and the pipe-liner are each chosen so that the pipe-liner is caused to be accurately positioned within the pipe upon everting the extended liner into the pipe by a pressurized fluid. The pipe-liner is held against an interior surface of the pipe being lined by inserting an inflatable bladder into the extended liner and filling the bladder with pressurized fluid. When a resin in the pipe-liner has hardened, the bladder is removed and the extender-tube is detached from the pipe-liner.

Process for coating a preformed substrate (1), comprising providing a semi-finished product (2) comprising the preformed substrate (1) and a coating layer (3), providing a mould (4) comprising a first (5) and a second half-mould (6), the first half-mould (5) comprising an elastically deformable membrane (8) which at least partially forms a respective conformation surface (7), arranging the semi-finished product (2) on the second half-mould (6), putting under depression a fluid (11) acting on the membrane (8) to maintain the membrane (8) adherent to a main body (50) of the first half-mould, closing the mould (4) maintaining a free distance between the conformation surface (7) of the first half-mould (5) and the semi-finished product (2), pressurizing the fluid (11) to expand the membrane (8) towards the second half-mould (6) for compressing the semi-finished product, maintaining the membrane (8) in the second configuration, heating the semi-finished product (2) for firmly fixing the preformed substrate (1) and the coating layer (3) to each other.

A tubular structure (1) formed by a plurality of circumferentially continuous tubes (11, 12) of fibre reinforced plastics material. The structure (1) comprises an outer shell (14) and at least one internal web (15). The plurality of tubes (11, 12) are bonded together and comprise a plurality of inner tubes (12) located inside an outer tube (11) such that they form each of the outer shell (14) and the internal web (15) with a pair of laminated layers of fibre reinforced plastics material bonded to one another.

A tubular structure (1) formed by a plurality of circumferentially continuous tubes (11, 12) of fibre reinforced plastics material. The structure (1) comprises an outer shell (14) and at least one internal web (15). The plurality of tubes (11, 12) are bonded together and comprise a plurality of inner tubes (12) located inside an outer tube (11) such that they form each of the outer shell (14) and the internal web (15) with a pair of laminated layers of fibre reinforced plastics material bonded to one another.

A device for applying a film to a three-dimensional article includes an inflatable shape having at least one opening connected or connectable to a source of heated gas. The inflatable shape is configurable in a deflated configuration and in an inflated configuration when the heated gas is introduced into the inflatable shape through the opening. The inflatable shape is configured and sized to allow an article to be placed thereon, at least when the inflatable shape is in the deflated configuration. In the inflated configuration, the inflatable shape is configured for pressing against the article and for adhering, to the article, a film interposed between the inflatable shape and the article. The inflatable shape is impermeable to the heated gas and has a thermal transmittance greater than 600 W/m.sup.2K.

A device for applying a film to a three-dimensional article includes an inflatable shape having at least one opening connected or connectable to a source of heated gas. The inflatable shape is configurable in a deflated configuration and in an inflated configuration when the heated gas is introduced into the inflatable shape through the opening. The inflatable shape is configured and sized to allow an article to be placed thereon, at least when the inflatable shape is in the deflated configuration. In the inflated configuration, the inflatable shape is configured for pressing against the article and for adhering, to the article, a film interposed between the inflatable shape and the article. The inflatable shape is impermeable to the heated gas and has a thermal transmittance greater than 600 W/m.sup.2K.