A non-woven fabric is provided which includes a three-dimensional array of fibers. The three-dimensional array of fibers includes an array of standing fibers extending perpendicular to a plane of the non-woven fabric and attached to a base substrate, where the base substrate is one or more of an expendable film substrate, a metal base substrate, or a mandrel substrate. Further, the three-dimensional array of fibers includes multiple layers of non-woven parallel fibers running parallel to the plane of the non-woven fiber in between the array of standing fibers in a defined pattern of fiber layer orientations. In implementation, the array of standing fibers are grown to extend from the base substrate using laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition (LCVD).

The invention relates to an atomic layer process printer for material deposition, etching and/or cleaning on an atomic scale in a selective area. The invention further relates to a method for material deposition, etching and/or cleaning on an atomic scale in a selective area using the atomic layer process printer.

The invention relates to an atomic layer process printer for material deposition, etching and/or cleaning on an atomic scale in a selective area. The invention further relates to a method for material deposition, etching and/or cleaning on an atomic scale in a selective area using the atomic layer process printer.

Apparatus (1) for additively manufacturing of three-dimensional objects (2) by means of successive layerwise selective irradiation and consolidation of layers of a build material (3) which can be consolidated by means of an energy beam (4), wherein a detection device (13) is provided that is configured to detect splash particles (8-10) generated by at least partially evaporating build material (3) in a consolidation zone (7) in which the energy beam (4) irradiates the build material (3).

Apparatus (1) for additively manufacturing of three-dimensional objects (2) by means of successive layerwise selective irradiation and consolidation of layers of a build material (3) which can be consolidated by means of an energy beam (4), wherein a detection device (13) is provided that is configured to detect splash particles (8-10) generated by at least partially evaporating build material (3) in a consolidation zone (7) in which the energy beam (4) irradiates the build material (3).

Apparatus (1) for additively manufacturing of three-dimensional objects by means of successive layerwise selective irradiation and consolidation of layers of a build material which can be consolidated by means of an energy beam, with a stream generating unit (2) configured to generate a stream of a process gas (3) being capable of being charged with particles (4), in particular non-consolidated particulate build material and/or smoke and/or smoke residues, generated during operation of the apparatus (1) and a filter unit (5) configured to separate particles (4) from the stream of process gas (3), wherein the filter unit (5) comprises a filter chamber (6) with at least one filter element (7) at least partly arranged in the streaming path of the generated stream of process gas (3), wherein particles (4) in the stream of process gas (3) are separated from the process gas (3) by the filter element (7).

Apparatus (1) for additively manufacturing of three-dimensional objects by means of successive layerwise selective irradiation and consolidation of layers of a build material which can be consolidated by means of an energy beam, with a stream generating unit (2) configured to generate a stream of a process gas (3) being capable of being charged with particles (4), in particular non-consolidated particulate build material and/or smoke and/or smoke residues, generated during operation of the apparatus (1) and a filter unit (5) configured to separate particles (4) from the stream of process gas (3), wherein the filter unit (5) comprises a filter chamber (6) with at least one filter element (7) at least partly arranged in the streaming path of the generated stream of process gas (3), wherein particles (4) in the stream of process gas (3) are separated from the process gas (3) by the filter element (7).

A method and associated systems for 3D printing on the surface of an acoustic hologram uses an array of sound-wave emitters to generate a three-dimensional acoustic hologram of an object to be printed. This hologram is composed of acoustic standing waves that exert invisible acoustic radiation forces in three-dimensional space that feel like surfaces of a solid object. The resulting hologram creates a tactile illusion of an object floating in space within a three-dimensional printing area. When a 3D-printing medium is applied to the surface of the hologram, the medium solidifies on the hologram's surface to generate a hollow shell in the shape of the object to be printed.

In some examples, the disclosure describes a method including densifying a layer of carbon fibers by at least one of depositing a resin on the layer of carbon fibers via a print head of a three-dimensional printing system or applying CVD on the layer of carbon fibers via the print head; and forming at least one additional layer of densified carbon fibers on the densified layer of carbon fibers, wherein forming the at least one additional layer of densified carbon fibers comprises, for each respective layer of the at least one additional layer, adding an additional layer of carbon fibers on the densified layer of carbon fibers, and densifying the additional layer of carbon fibers by at least one of depositing the resin on the additional layer of carbon fibers or applying CVD on the additional layer of carbon fibers. In some examples, the example method may be used to form a densified carbon-carbon composite component, such as, e.g., a densified carbon-carbon composite brake disc.

A feedstock line comprises elongate filaments, a resin, and optical direction modifiers. The resin covers the elongate filaments. The optical direction modifiers are covered by the resin and are interspersed among the elongate filaments. Each of the optical direction modifiers has an outer surface. Each of the optical direction modifiers is configured such that when electromagnetic radiation strikes the outer surface from a first direction, at least a portion of the electromagnetic radiation departs the outer surface in a second direction that is at an angle to the first direction to irradiate, in the interior volume of the feedstock line, the resin that, due at least in part to the elongate filaments, is not directly accessible to the electromagnetic radiation, incident on the exterior surface of the feedstock line.