The invention relates to an ink based on near-infrared light polymerization. The method and technology of direct writing three-dimensional printing belong to the field of material processing technology area. The method is: direct writing nozzles move in three-dimensional space or stationery, the ink is squeezed out of the direct writing nozzle, receiving the near-infrared light irradiation, after curing, complete the three-dimensional object forming and curing. The solidifying time t does not exceed the ratio of near-infrared light diameter d.sub.1 and the ink extrusion speed vi, that is, t≤d.sub.1/v.sub.i. Since near-infrared light has a better medium mass penetration, can penetrate the structure during molding to promote both internal and external to a higher degree of curing, so as to achieve cross-scale structure 3D printing, and the method provided by the present invention accurately controls solidifying process of the ink and therefore achieve the DIW array 3D structure real-time curing.

A photo-curable resin composition for three-dimensional shaping including: a resin component (A) containing a (meth)acrylate compound (A1) represented by General Formula (1)

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(where R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R.sub.2 is a linear, branched, or cyclic trivalent hydrocarbon group with one to eight carbon atoms which may have three or less heteroatoms), and a urethane (meth)acrylate compound (A2) having two or more radical-polymerizable functional groups; inorganic particles (B); and a photoradical polymerization initiator (C). 40% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less of the (meth)acrylate compound (A1) is contained in the resin component (A). 10% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less of the urethane (meth)acrylate compound (A2) is contained in the resin component (A).

A photo-curable resin composition for three-dimensional shaping including: a resin component (A) containing a (meth)acrylate compound (A1) represented by General Formula (1)

##STR00001##

(where R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R.sub.2 is a linear, branched, or cyclic trivalent hydrocarbon group with one to eight carbon atoms which may have three or less heteroatoms), and a urethane (meth)acrylate compound (A2) having two or more radical-polymerizable functional groups; inorganic particles (B); and a photoradical polymerization initiator (C). 40% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less of the (meth)acrylate compound (A1) is contained in the resin component (A). 10% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less of the urethane (meth)acrylate compound (A2) is contained in the resin component (A).

Herein disclosed is a method of treating a component of a fuel cell, which includes the step of exposing the component of the fuel cell to a source of electromagnetic radiation (EMR). The component comprises a first material. The EMR has a wavelength ranging from 10 to 1500 nm and the EMR has a minimum energy density of 0.1 Joule/cm2. Preferably, the treatment process has one or more of the following effects: heating, drying, curing, sintering, annealing, sealing, alloying, evaporating, restructuring, foaming. In an embodiment, the substrate is a component in a fuel cell. Such component comprises an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, a catalyst, a barrier layer, a interconnect, a reformer, or reformer catalyst. In an embodiment, the substrate is a layer in a fuel cell or a portion of a layer in a fuel cell or a combination of layers in a fuel cell or a combination of partial layers in a fuel cell.

An assembly for calibrating a head system of a power radiation source of an additive manufacturing apparatus comprises: a calibration plate comprising a plurality of reference marks, and a firing medium made of at least one material that is sensitive to the radiation of the source, this medium leaving visible the reference marks of the calibration plate when it is in place on the latter, characterized in that the firing medium comprises a plurality of windows that are distributed so as to be superposed with the various reference marks of the calibration plate and to leave said marks visible when the firing medium is in place on the calibration plate. There is also a method for calibrating such a system.

An additive manufacturing device manufactures an additively manufactured article by preheating a powder material by irradiating the powder material with a charged particle beam and then melting the powder material by irradiating the powder material with the charged particle beam. The additive manufacturing device includes a beam emitting unit emitting the charged particle beam and irradiating the powder material with the charged particle beam, and a position detection unit detecting a position of scattering of the powder material when the powder material scatters by being irradiated with the charged particle beam. When the powder material scatters by being irradiated with the charged particle beam, the beam emitting unit emits the charged particle beam such that a thermal dose of the preheating is increased at the position of scattering.

A method of producing an optical device from a volume of a curable composition, includes the following steps: —polymerizing a first portion of the volume by irradiating an external surface of the volume with a light irradiation, thereby increasing a transmittance of the first portion for the light irradiation; —polymerizing a second portion of the volume by irradiating the second portion with the light irradiation through the external surface and the polymerized first portion, wherein the light irradiation has a light intensity varying over the external surface between a first light intensity and a second light intensity distinct from the second light intensity. A corresponding system is also described.

A method of producing an optical device from a volume of a curable composition, includes the following steps: —polymerizing a first portion of the volume by irradiating an external surface of the volume with a light irradiation, thereby increasing a transmittance of the first portion for the light irradiation; —polymerizing a second portion of the volume by irradiating the second portion with the light irradiation through the external surface and the polymerized first portion, wherein the light irradiation has a light intensity varying over the external surface between a first light intensity and a second light intensity distinct from the second light intensity. A corresponding system is also described.

A method of calibrating an apparatus for generating a three-dimensional object is described in which a calibration substrate is generated by depositing build material and applying energy to the build material to form a fused surface; a calibration pattern is generated on the calibration substrate by depositing an agent on the calibration surface according to a predetermined pattern; and an attribute of the calibration pattern is measured.

A method of calibrating an apparatus for generating a three-dimensional object is described in which a calibration substrate is generated by depositing build material and applying energy to the build material to form a fused surface; a calibration pattern is generated on the calibration substrate by depositing an agent on the calibration surface according to a predetermined pattern; and an attribute of the calibration pattern is measured.