There is provided a method for producing a metal-resin composite which includes a resin member and a metal member having a roughened surface in at least a portion of the surface thereof, the resin member being joined so as to be in contact with at least a portion of the roughened surface. The method includes a step of joining the resin member and the metal member by melting the resin member with the frictional heat generated in the surface of the metal member on its side opposite to the resin member in a state where the metal member and the resin member are superposed. The method includes making adjustment so that when the roughened surface is measured at arbitrary five points by using a confocal microscope according to ISO 25178, the developed area ratio (Sdr) is 5 or more in terms of number-average value.

There is provided a method for producing a metal-resin composite which includes a resin member and a metal member having a roughened surface in at least a portion of the surface thereof, the resin member being joined so as to be in contact with at least a portion of the roughened surface. The method includes a step of joining the resin member and the metal member by melting the resin member with the frictional heat generated in the surface of the metal member on its side opposite to the resin member in a state where the metal member and the resin member are superposed. The method includes making adjustment so that when the roughened surface is measured at arbitrary five points by using a confocal microscope according to ISO 25178, the developed area ratio (Sdr) is 5 or more in terms of number-average value.

The invention relates to a method in which a polyester melt containing one or more polyesters is produced, the polyester melt being foamed by a blowing agent and a foamed granulate is produced from the foamed polyester melt. The intrinsic viscosity (IV) of the polyester melt is reduced by the blowing agent about at least 0.05 dl/g, measured according to ASTM D4603, and the IV of the foamed granulate is then increased by means of a solid phase polycondensation (SSP).

An apparatus for applying a cellulose-based annular body to a perimeter flange of a container includes a supporting unit and an operating unit. The supporting unit has a seat to receive a body of the container and is surrounded by an annular portion on which the annular body and the flange rest, such that the annular body is interposed between the annular portion and the flange. A heating device heat the annular body. The supporting unit includes an annular recess, surrounding the annular portion, to at least partly house an annular end bead of the flange. The apparatus includes a forming device, movable along a respective axis of movement between a far position and an engaging position. In the engaging position, the forming device engages and deforms the annular bead pushing said annular bead into the annular recess.

An apparatus for applying a cellulose-based annular body to a perimeter flange of a container includes a supporting unit and an operating unit. The supporting unit has a seat to receive a body of the container and is surrounded by an annular portion on which the annular body and the flange rest, such that the annular body is interposed between the annular portion and the flange. A heating device heat the annular body. The supporting unit includes an annular recess, surrounding the annular portion, to at least partly house an annular end bead of the flange. The apparatus includes a forming device, movable along a respective axis of movement between a far position and an engaging position. In the engaging position, the forming device engages and deforms the annular bead pushing said annular bead into the annular recess.

Compositions-of-matter comprising a matrix made of one or more, preferably two or more elastic layers and one or more viscoelastic layer are disclosed. The compositions-of-matter are characterized by high water-impermeability and optionally by self-recovery. Processes of preparing the compositions-of-matter and uses thereof as tissue substitutes or for repairing damaged tissues are also disclosed.

A method for producing bone grafts using 3-D printing is employed using a 3-D image of a graft location to produce a 3-D model of the graft. This is printed using a 3-D printer and a printing medium that produces a porous, biocompatible, biodegradable material that is conducive to osteoinduction. For example, the printing medium may be PCL, PLLA, PGLA, or another approved biocompatible polymer. In addition such a method may be useful for cosmetic surgeries, reconstructive surgeries, and various techniques required by such procedures. Once the graft is placed, natural bone gradually replaces the graft.

The present invention discloses a composition that may be extruded and/or injection moulded, comprising a chemically modified softwood lignin and a polyester selected from PBS (PolyButylene Succinate), PBAT (PolyButylene Adipate Terephthalate) and PCL (PolyCaproLactone) or mixtures thereof. The chemically modified softwood lignin constitutes 10 to 25 weight-% of the total weight of the composition.

The present disclosure provides: a biodegradable nonwoven fabric for thermoforming, the biodegradable nonwoven fabric being composed of a fiber of a polylactic acid-based polymer, and having a basis weight of 20-300 g/m.sup.2, preferably, a biodegradable nonwoven fabric characterized by being composed of a long fiber of a polylactic acid polymer, having an MD-direction elongation of 50% or more at 120° C., and having an MD-direction dimensional change rate of ±4% or less at 80-140° C. as determined by thermomechanical analysis; a method for producing a molded body by using said biodegradable nonwoven fabric; and a method for molding a biodegradable beverage extraction container, the method being characterized in that the molded body has an MD-direction elongation change rate of 4% or less, as determined by thermomechanical analysis (TMA) under a load of 0.05 N/2 mm at 30-100° C.

A functionally gradient material for guided periodontal hard and soft tissue regeneration includes a 3D printed scaffold layer and an electrospun fibrous membrane layer. The content of hydroxyapatite in the 3D printed scaffold layer is higher than the content of hydroxyapatite in the electrospun fibrous membrane layer. The pore size of the 3D printed scaffold layer is larger than the pore size of the electrospun fibrous membrane layer. The pore size of the 3D printed scaffold layer is 100-1000 μm, and the fiber diameter of the electrospun fibrous membrane layer is 300-5000 nm. The electrospun fibrous membrane layer is in a random distribution or an oriented arrangement or has a mesh structure. The thickness of the electrospun fibrous membrane layer is 0.08-1 mm.