A method for fusing thermoplastic composite structures includes placing a substructure on an inner surface of a skin that is laid up on a shaping surface of a tool configured to maintain the shape of an outer mold line. The method further includes applying at least one insulation layer over a flange of the substructure and over exposed portions of the inner surface of the skin not in contact with the substructure, and applying a vacuum bag to at least partly enclose the skin and the substructure. The method yet still further includes applying heat to the shaping surface to fuse the substructure to the skin such that the skin exceeds its melting point and at least a portion of a raised segment of the substructure does not exceed its melting point.

A method for fusing thermoplastic composite structures includes placing a substructure on an inner surface of a skin that is laid up on a shaping surface of a tool configured to maintain the shape of an outer mold line. The method further includes applying at least one insulation layer over a flange of the substructure and over exposed portions of the inner surface of the skin not in contact with the substructure, and applying a vacuum bag to at least partly enclose the skin and the substructure. The method yet still further includes applying heat to the shaping surface to fuse the substructure to the skin such that the skin exceeds its melting point and at least a portion of a raised segment of the substructure does not exceed its melting point.

An optical component is configured to optically connect a light-emitting element and an optical fiber, and includes an optical surface arranged in a middle of an optical path of a light to be emitted from the light-emitting element to the optical fiber to reflect the light. The optical surface includes an optical path area configured to reflect the light and a non-optical path area other than the optical path area, and the optical path area and the non-optical path area are coplanar. The optical path area has a smooth surface, and at least a part of the non-optical path area has a rough surface which is rougher than the optical path area.

A method for fusing thermoplastic composite structures includes placing a substructure on an inner surface of a skin that is laid up on a shaping surface of a tool configured to maintain the shape of an outer mold line. The method further includes applying at least one insulation layer over a flange of the substructure and over exposed portions of the inner surface of the skin not in contact with the substructure, and applying a vacuum bag to at least partly enclose the skin and the substructure. The method yet still further includes applying heat to the shaping surface to fuse the substructure to the skin such that the skin exceeds its melting point and at least a portion of a raised segment of the substructure does not exceed its melting point.

A method for fusing thermoplastic composite structures includes placing a substructure on an inner surface of a skin that is laid up on a shaping surface of a tool configured to maintain the shape of an outer mold line. The method further includes applying at least one insulation layer over a flange of the substructure and over exposed portions of the inner surface of the skin not in contact with the substructure, and applying a vacuum bag to at least partly enclose the skin and the substructure. The method yet still further includes applying heat to the shaping surface to fuse the substructure to the skin such that the skin exceeds its melting point and at least a portion of a raised segment of the substructure does not exceed its melting point.

A golf club head includes a striking face, a crown and a sole. The crown and/or the sole includes an FRP member formed by a fiber reinforced plastic that contains a fiber and a matrix resin. The head has one or more characteristic mode shapes each having a natural frequency of 3000 Hz or greater and 5000 Hz or less. Of the one or more characteristic mode shapes, one characteristic mode shape that has a largest amplitude of a center of figure of the FRP member is defined as a specific characteristic mode shape, the specific characteristic mode shape has a frequency that is defined as a specific modal frequency, and the specific modal frequency has a modal damping ratio that is defined as a specific modal damping ratio. The specific modal damping ratio of the head is less than or equal to 0.6%.

A golf club head includes a striking face, a crown and a sole. The crown and/or the sole includes an FRP member formed by a fiber reinforced plastic that contains a fiber and a matrix resin. The head has one or more characteristic mode shapes each having a natural frequency of 3000 Hz or greater and 5000 Hz or less. Of the one or more characteristic mode shapes, one characteristic mode shape that has a largest amplitude of a center of figure of the FRP member is defined as a specific characteristic mode shape, the specific characteristic mode shape has a frequency that is defined as a specific modal frequency, and the specific modal frequency has a modal damping ratio that is defined as a specific modal damping ratio. The specific modal damping ratio of the head is less than or equal to 0.6%.

Various embodiments related to three dimensional printers, and reinforced filaments, and their methods of use are described. In one embodiment, a void free reinforced filament is fed into an extrusion nozzle. The reinforced filament includes a core, which may be continuous or semi-continuous, and a matrix material surrounding the core. The reinforced filament is heated to a temperature greater than a melting temperature of the matrix material and less than a melting temperature of the core prior to extruding the filament from the extrusion nozzle.

The invention proposes a method for manufacturing a grille for a cascade type thrust reverser, of a jet engine, said method including the following steps: a) manufacturing a first component comprising continuous or long fibres, pre-impregnated by a thermoplastic or thermosetting resin; b) manufacturing, subsequently or together with step a), a series of second components each including discontinuous fibres, pre-impregnated by a thermoplastic or thermosetting resin, step b) being carried out such that the second components are, on the one hand, arranged transversally with respect to a longitudinal direction of the first component on at least one side of the first component and, on the other hand, spaced from one another according to this longitudinal direction, so as to form a comb-shaped structure, wherein the second components are consolidated to the first component.

High-temperature foams are produced and used in the construction of aeroplanes, ships and rail and other vehicles. In particular, the foams are further processed into sandwich materials by joining with two outer layers. To this end, a novel process is used for producing high-temperature foams (HT foams) which are particularly suitable for producing such sandwich components for lightweight construction. This process achieves an improvement in the processability of the HT foams produced and a weight reduction of the sandwich materials. The HT foams are furthermore rigid particle foams which are markedly more economic to produce than rigid block foams. In particular, a reduction is brought about in resin absorption in fibre composite processes through a process-related optimization of the surface constitution.