A method of three-dimensional (3D) printing includes applying a solution to a channel. The solution includes a plurality of anisotropic particles suspending in the solution. Acoustic waves are applied to the channel. The frequency of the acoustic waves is configured to organize the plurality of anisotropic particles into one or more columns of organized anisotropic particles. The channel is connected to a printhead and a waste outlet. The solution comprising the one or more columns of organized anisotropic particles is deposited on a substrate via the printhead outlet.

The invention provides a supramolecular polymer composition capable of co-assembly to maintain a three dimensional (3-D) macrostructural form after 3-D printing, made of a solvent, a template molecule; and a reactive component. The reactive component can be at least one monomer that is capable of hydrogen bonding with the template molecule to form a 1D supramolecular structure. The template may be an amphiphilic polymer. The monomer has at least two pendant groups capable of covalent crosslinking. The invention also includes a 3-D structure formed by crosslinking a 3-D printed supramolecular polymer composition, which optionally has a mesoporous structure. Also included is a method of manufacturing a 3-D structure by delivering a supramolecular polymer composition onto a surface of a substrate to form the 3-D structure.

The present disclosure provides methods for freeform extrusion-based additive manufacturing via a robotic arm. In specific aspects, methods are particularly provided for minimally invasive, intracorporeal three-dimensional printing of biocompatible materials. An end effector of a robotic arm includes a sharp member and a reservoir filled with a printing material. The provided method may include piercing a substrate with the sharp member. A bulb or micro-bolus of material may be extruded beneath the substrate surface to act as an anchor. The end effector may be manipulated to extrude biomaterial along a printing path. Periodically along the printing path, the sharp member is used to pierce the substrate surface create additional respective anchors. In some instances, the method may terminate after extruding material to form a single layer construct. In other instances, the method includes forming one or more layers on top of the initial base layer anchored to the substrate.

Three-dimensional body implants including a hydrogel, which includes cross-linked alginate and gelatin, and in particular breast implants. The hydrogel of the implants has a mechanical strength of 1 kPa to 1000 kPa, and the hydrogel of the implants may further include fibrinogen. The implants include a porous zone, and the implants are acellular, i.e., free of cells during their manufacture.

Disclosed is a new 3D bioprinting method of soft polymeric material such as a hydrogel or elastomer and/or cells for scaffolds or devices with structures. The method utilizes in one aspect extrusion based printing of polymer solutions, hydrogels and cells referred as direct ink writing (DIW) or BioPlotting that is modified to offer break-through advantages. The method may utilize sequential printing of a photocurable polymer solution or matrix material, and a functional hydrogel and/or cells. Printing within or inside of a viscous non-cured layer is accomplished by printing cells directly into the functional hydrogel. The viscous layer does not need to be shear thinning and thus allows use of a wide variety of bioinks never before allowed because of shear thinning and recovery requirement of commonly utilized extrusion based embedded bioprinting approach. Complex printing patterns never before allowed for bioinks are now possible utilizing this new printing method.

3D printers may fabricate tires with graphene-based materials. Biopolymers may be used to produce graphene foam. Molten salt synthesis with metallic powders may produce coatings for the foam to protect the tires from oxidation. Graphene oxide sheet may also be applied to the tire structure using an inexpensive bio-adhesive.

An embodiment includes a method of manufacturing a plastic composite material panel. A gel type plastic composite material is loaded onto a fixed die having a first molding surface of a flat shape for molding a material filling portion and a second molding surface for molding an outer plate portion. A first movable die having a third molding surface for molding the material filling portion and a fourth molding surface for molding the outer plate portion is combined with a second movable die having a molding groove for molding the material filling portion to the fixed die. The outer plate portion is formed by the second and fourth molding surfaces and the material filling portion is integrally formed with the outer plate portion by the first and third molding surfaces and the molding groove. The material filling portion is thicker than the outer plate portion.

An in-situ hydrophobically modified aramid nano aerogel fiber as well as a preparation method and uses thereof are provided. The preparation method includes: providing an aramid nano spinning solution; preparing a hydrophobically modified aramid nano aerogel fiber by using a spinning technology, wherein the coagulating bath adopted by the spinning technology includes a first organic solvent and a halogenated reagent including a monochloroalkane, a monochloroalkane, a dibromoalkane, a dichloroalkane and a trichloroalkane; and then drying to obtain the in-situ hydrophobically modified aramid nano aerogel fiber. The in-situ hydrophobically modified aramid nano aerogel fiber has a unique three-dimensional porous network structure, low heat conductivity, high porosity, high tensile strength and elongation at break, a certain spinnability and structure stability, and can be applied to the field of textiles. A fabric knitted with the hydrophobic fibers has a self-cleaning ability.

A molded contact lens comprising a stiffer optic zone relative to the peripheral zone of the contact lens provides an optical element for correcting astigmatism without the need for or substantially minimizing the need for the correction of rotational misalignment. The higher elastic modulus optic zone vaults over the cornea thereby allowing a tear lens to form. The tear lens follows or assumes the shape of the back surface of the contact lens. The combination of the tear lens and the optical zone provide an optical element for correction of refractive error.

The present invention provides an electricity-driven, micro-electroporation based drug delivery system, in particular, an electrically conductive array of microprotrusions containing intended substances or molecules to be delivered, which is to the benefit of a recipient receiving vaccination transcutaneously in the absence of any assistive mechanical or actuation means as in conventional injection methods, so as to lower safety risks, improve immunization efficiency, and also induce immune response of the recipient more effectively at a relatively lower dose of vaccines.