Provided are extrusion tools such as extrusion dies or portions thereof having a surface with at least one coating thereon, and methods of forming the same are disclosed. The at least one coating is formed from a composition that is a metal aluminum nitride or carbonitride with particular characteristics such that the amount of aluminum varies within the coating between a coating outer surface and an intermediate thickness within the coating. The resulting coatings have tailored physical and performance characteristics that result in improved wear and extrusion performance.

A heating device includes: a heat generator configured to generate heat when supplied with electric power; a first insulator and a second insulator respectively layered on a front surface and a back surface of the heat generator and covering the heat generator; a first heat transfer body layered on the first insulator so as to cover the first insulator and a second heat transfer body layered on the second insulator and covering the second insulator; and a circumferential edge structure configured to seal circumferential edges of the first insulator and the second insulator. In the circumferential edge structure, the circumferential edges are sealed by direct or indirect joining of the first heat transfer body and the second heat transfer body.

A heating device includes: a heat generator configured to generate heat when supplied with electric power; a first insulator and a second insulator respectively layered on a front surface and a back surface of the heat generator and covering the heat generator; a first heat transfer body layered on the first insulator so as to cover the first insulator and a second heat transfer body layered on the second insulator and covering the second insulator; and a circumferential edge structure configured to seal circumferential edges of the first insulator and the second insulator. In the circumferential edge structure, the circumferential edges are sealed by direct or indirect joining of the first heat transfer body and the second heat transfer body.

A joining method using heat fusion includes layering a first joining body and a second joining body having a smaller plane area than the first joining body; and performing heating and pressurization with a heater from a side of the second joining body. The method further includes a resin dam interposed between the second joining body and the heater. The resin dam includes a base body having one of front and back surfaces in contact with the heater and the other of front and back surfaces in contact with the second joining body; and a dam main body extending from a circumferential edge of the base body in a direction away from the base body and having a shape control surface facing a side surface of the second joining body.

A joining method using heat fusion includes layering a first joining body and a second joining body having a smaller plane area than the first joining body; and performing heating and pressurization with a heater from a side of the second joining body. The method further includes a resin dam interposed between the second joining body and the heater. The resin dam includes a base body having one of front and back surfaces in contact with the heater and the other of front and back surfaces in contact with the second joining body; and a dam main body extending from a circumferential edge of the base body in a direction away from the base body and having a shape control surface facing a side surface of the second joining body.

There is provided a two-direction heating system which comprises one or more heat-absorber modules. Each heat-absorber module comprises a heat-absorber barrel, a heat-absorber screw attached to an internal region of the barrel, and one or more heating units each attached to an external region of the barrel. Heat generated by the heating unit and delivered to first heat-absorber receptors provided on an inner surface of the barrel and second heat-absorber receptors provided on an outer surface of the screw, circulates from the barrel to the screw and from the screw to the barrel, and is thereby transferred to a material placed in the interior region of the heat-absorber barrel.

Embodiments are directed to nozzles for three-dimensional printing and related nozzle assemblies and methods. An example nozzle includes at least one top surface, at least one bottom surface, and at least one nozzle lateral surface extending from or near the top surface to or near the bottom surface. The nozzle also includes at least one conduit surface defining a conduit. At least a portion of the conduit surface comprise at least one of polycrystalline diamond (PCD), polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PcBN), or another suitable superhard material. The nozzle may be attached to a base to form a nozzle assembly. The nozzle may be attached to the base by at least one of deforming the base relative to the nozzle, threadedly attaching (either directly or indirectly) the nozzle to the base, or press-fitting a hollow hollowed-sleeve into a passageway defined by the base.

Molding core for manufacturing an OMC hollow aeronautical part, in particular a fan module part, including a composite material including on the one hand a first phase of formula M.sub.n+1AlC.sub.n, where n=1 to 3, and M being a transition metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, niobium, chromium or zirconium, the composite material including on the other hand a second phase of formula Al.sub.4C.sub.3.

A method for manufacturing a golf ball having a core and a cover of at least one layer includes the step of molding the cover layer with a vertically separating two-part injection mold which has a spherical cavity and three or more support pins disposed so as to be capable of advancing and retracting in a direction perpendicular to a mold parting line, each support pin being housing in a pin housing hole having a nitrided inner peripheral sidewall. This method enables a golf ball cover material to be molded using an injection mold which, because a thick plating of hard chrome does not need to be applied to the inner peripheral sidewalls of the holes housing the support pins, is inexpensive and in which the pin housing holes have a good abrasion resistance.

Embodiments are directed to nozzles for three-dimensional printing and related nozzle assemblies and methods. An example nozzle includes at least one top surface, at least one bottom surface, and at least one nozzle lateral surface extending from or near the top surface to or near the bottom surface. The nozzle also includes at least one conduit surface defining a conduit. At least a portion of the conduit surface comprise at least one of polycrystalline diamond (PCD), polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PcBN), or another suitable superhard material. The nozzle may be attached to a base to form a nozzle assembly.