In an embodiment the dielectric layer comprises a fluoropolymer, a plurality of boron nitride particles, a plurality of titanium dioxide particles, a plurality of silica particles; and a reinforcing layer. The dielectric layer can comprise at least one of 20 to 45 volume percent of the fluoropolymer, 15 to 35 volume percent of the plurality of boron nitride particles, 1 to 32 volume percent of the plurality of titanium dioxide particles, 10 to 35 volume percent of the plurality of silica particles, and 5 to 15 volume percent of the reinforcing layer; wherein the volume percent values are based on a total volume of the dielectric layer.

An enhanced elastomer molding process applies an electric field to an elastomer doped to include dielectric ceramic particulates inserted in a cavity of a mold while maintaining a temperature at or near a melting point of the elastomer and a Curie temperature of the ceramic particulates. Because a material's dielectric constant is related to the material's net remnant ferroelectric polarization, which may be increased by poling near the material's Curie temperature, applying the electric field to the elastomer doped with the dielectric ceramic particulates increases the dielectric constant of the dielectric ceramic particulates. This maintains the high elasticity of the elastomer while increasing the elastomer's dielectric constant of the material by increasing the value of the dielectric constant of the dielectric ceramic particulates included in the elastomer.

Methods of aligning fibers with an electric field are provided. The fibers may include dielectric fibers, such as carbon fibers. The fibers may be aligned in a liquid that is curable. Composite materials also are provided that include aligned fibers.

Polymer-based selective radiative cooling structures are provided which include a selectively emissive layer of a polymer or a polymer matrix composite material. Exemplary selective radiative cooling structures are in the form of a sheet, film or coating. Also provided are methods for removing heat from a body by selective thermal radiation using polymer-based selective radiative cooling structures.

The present disclosure provides methods of three-dimensional printing, including iteratively applying individual build material layers of polyamide particles and selectively applying a fusing agent onto the individual build material layers to form individually patterned object layers. The fusing agent can include water and a radiation absorber. The method can also include selectively applying a pore-promoting agent onto the individual build material layers at some or all of the individually pattered object layers to form a pore-generating region, and iteratively exposing the individual build material layers to electromagnetic energy to generate molten polymer from polyamide particles in contact with the radiation absorber that upon cooling forms fused polymer body. A material used to form the fused polymer body without pores can exhibit a material dielectric permittivity, and the fused polymer body at a location that includes the pores can exhibit a decreased dielectric permittivity.

The present disclosure provides methods, articles, and apparatuses related to altering electromagnetic radiation. A method of making articles includes a) forming an electromagnetic radiation altering material by providing a polymer matrix and optionally embedding dielectric particles in the polymer matrix and b) obtaining initial dielectric properties of the electromagnetic radiation altering material. The method further includes c) modeling electromagnetic radiation altering features of the material suitable for the article obtained from the material to have target electromagnetic radiation altering properties, thereby obtaining a simulation of the electromagnetic radiation altering article; and d) additive manufacturing the electromagnetic radiation altering article based on the simulation of the electromagnetic radiation altering article. An electromagnetic radiation altering article obtained by the method is also provided. Further, an apparatus is provided including the electromagnetic radiation altering article. Methods of altering electromagnetic radiation are provided, including integrating an electromagnetic radiation altering article into either an electronic device or an electromagnetic radiation producing device, or placing the article in the vicinity of the device. Aspects of the present disclosure advantageously contribute to achieving optimized materials and designs for electromagnetic radiation altering articles.

A 3D printing system includes a reservoir for a UV-curable dielectric material in communication with a first nozzle configured to print the UV-curable dielectric material onto a substrate and a reservoir for a low CTE filler in communication with a second nozzle configured to print the low CTE filler onto the substrate, and a reservoir for a conductive ink in communication with a third nozzle configured to print the conductive ink onto the substrate. The 3D printing system prints the UV-curable dielectric material and the low CTE filler such that the printed low CTE filler mixes with the printed UV-curable dielectric material and forms a UV-curable dielectric layer with the low CTE filler dispersed therein.

Methods and apparatuses for additively manufactured tubular passages, additively manufactured manifolds, and additively manufactured heaters are provided.

A multilayer polymer dielectric film includes a stack of coextruded, alternating first dielectric layers and second dielectric layers that receive electrical charge. The first dielectric layers include a first polymer material and the second dielectric layers include a second polymer material different from the first polymer material. The first polymer material has a permittivity greater than the second polymer material. The second polymer material has a breakdown strength greater than the first polymer material. Adjoining first dielectric layers and second dielectric layers define an interface between the layers that delocalizes electrical charge build-up in the layers. The stack has substantially the crystallographic symmetry before and during receiving electrical charge.

A system for producing three-dimensional objects forms fluid paths within the support structure to facilitate the removal of the support structure following manufacture of the object. The system includes a first ejector configured to eject a first material towards a platen to form an object, a second ejector configured to eject a second material towards the platen to form support for portions of the object, at least one portion of the support having a body with at least one fluid path that connects at least one opening in the body to at least one other opening in the body, and a fluid source that connects to the at least one fluid path of the support to enable fluid to flow through the at least one fluid path to remove at least an inner portion of the support from the object.