Provided is an injection molded panel having a top side and a bottom side. The panel is configured with at least an elastic portion, the elastic portion including a plurality of undulating deformable strands intersecting with one another at rigid connecting locations, the rigid connecting locations alternatingly extending at opposite sides of the panel at alternating top peaks and bottom peaks, the peaks defining together the respective top side and the bottom side.

The present disclosure discloses a friction welding structure, wherein the friction welding structure includes a first workpiece and a second workpiece. The first workpiece includes a workpiece body and a first welding structure, and the second workpiece includes a second workpiece body and a second welding structure. Both the first welding structure and the second welding structure are positioned between the first workpiece body and the second workpiece body. The first welding structure has a first lateral mating surface, and the second welding structure has a second lateral mating surface. The first lateral mating surface abuts against and is melt-connected to the second lateral mating surface through relative movement between the first workpiece and the second workpiece. In the friction welding structure of the present disclosure, since the first lateral mating surface and the second lateral mating surface for friction, are parallel to a first direction, a tangential stress is generated between the first lateral mating surface and the second lateral mating surface when the first workpiece and the second workpiece tend to separate from each other, enabling the first workpiece and the second workpiece to be more firmly bonded.

An article and a method of manufacturing soft seating comprises a rigid, injection-molded thermoplastic substrate are disclosed. The soft seat article comprises an injection molded structural substrate element that may be over-molded with soft open cell polyurethane or other open or closed cell foam materials to create a soft chair. The soft foam outer surface may be upholstered with fabric or other traditional materials to finish the soft chair. The method of manufacturing comprises molding an inner structural shell from thermoplastic materials, encapsulating the inner structural shell in a soft foam material, optionally upholstering the outer surface of the soft foam material, and optionally providing a base.

A composite board has a vacuum molded surface plate (12) and a bottom plate (13). Edges of the surface plate (12) and the bottom plate (13) are fixed into one piece by thermoplastic fixation, and a top wall of each supporting protrusion (135) and a body of the surface plate (12) are fixed into one piece by thermoplastic fixation. The composite board is formed by superimposing at least two layers of boards. A method for manufacturing the composite board provides process guidance for manufacturing the composite board.