An integrated diabetes management (IDM) system includes a safety layer which, in one configuration has two components, one located between a glucose sensor and a controller and a second component located between a controller and a pump, to monitor various aspects of signals and modify those signals for compatibility and safety purposes. In one application, the safety layer receives output control signals from a controller and modifies those control signals as a function of an actual amount of insulin delivered to the user. The safety layer allows for an increased level of safety in the IDM system and permits development of separate hardware and software upgrades with the safety layer assuring that compatibility between components will continue.

An infusion pump assembly includes a reservoir assembly configured to contain an infusible fluid. A motor assembly is configured to act upon the reservoir assembly and dispense at least a portion of the infusible fluid contained within the reservoir assembly. Processing logic is configured to control the motor assembly. A primary power supply is configured to provide primary electrical energy to at least a portion of the processing logic. A backup power supply is configured to provide backup electrical energy to the at least a portion of the processing logic in the event that the primary power supply fails to provide the primary electrical energy to the at least a portion of the processing logic.

A blood treatment machine includes a blood pump; an arterial line in fluid communication with the blood pump; a venous line; and a heartbeat evaluation system including (i) a first electrode coupled to the arterial line or to a patient, (ii) a second electrode coupled to the venous line, (iii) electronic circuitry communicating electrically with the first electrode and the second electrode to sense an electrical heartbeat signal generated by the patient, and (iv) signal processing configured to use the sensed heartbeat signal to calculate at least one of (a) heart rate, (b) respiration, (c) stroke volume, (d) cardiac output, or (e) central blood volume.

An example breast pump system can include: a control unit including a processor and memory, the control unit including an interface to control the breast pump system; a vacuum unit controlled by the control unit, the vacuum unit including pump motors to create suction for pumping milk; a support mechanism located remotely from the control unit; and a member extending between the control unit and the support mechanism, the member being movable to allow the control unit to be repositioned relative to the support mechanism. The memory encodes instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the breast pump system to: select at least a first pump motor from the plurality of pump motors for a first pumping timeframe; and select at least a second pump motor from the plurality of pump motors for a second pumping timeframe.

A device for controlling the functioning of a cardiac prosthesis, the device for controlling includes a control path, the control path having a control system designed and arranged to monitor and regulate the electrical supply of a cardiac prosthesis; a first insulating system designed and arranged to electrically insulate the cardiac prosthesis from the electrical supply; and a controller designed and arranged to monitor and regulate the electrical supply.

A processor of a medical device configured to communicate with a remote server can be programmed to protect the medical device from exposure to unauthorized or malicious software. A system or method to implement this form of protection can include, for example, at least one processor on the medical device, a control software module that controls the operation of the medical device and is executable on the processor, a data management module that manages data flow to and from the control software module from sources external to the medical device, and an agent module that has access to a limited number of designated memory locations in the medical device. In addition, a hemodialysis apparatus can be configured to operate in conjunction with an apparatus for providing purified water from a source such as a municipal water supply or a well. A system for controlling delivery of purified water to the hemodialysis apparatus can comprise a therapy controller of the hemodialysis apparatus configured to communicate with a controller of a water purification device, and a user interface controller of the hemodialysis apparatus configured to communicate with the therapy controller, and to send data to and receive data from a user interface.

There is provided in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a device and a method for controlled extraction of at least one active substance from at least one type of plant matter by application of heat, the device comprising: a heating element adapted to apply heat to an area of the plant matter to extract the substance; and a mechanism adapted for moving the plant matter relative to the heating element. Optionally, the active substance is a restricted substance. There is also provided in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a method of monitoring and controlling inhalation of a restricted substance. There is provided in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a method of manufacturing a tape of plant matter comprising an active substance.

An example breast pump system can include: a control unit including a processor and memory, the control unit including an interface to control the breast pump system; a vacuum unit controlled by the control unit, the vacuum unit including pump motors to create suction for pumping milk; a support mechanism located remotely from the control unit; and a member extending between the control unit and the support mechanism, the member being movable to allow the control unit to be repositioned relative to the support mechanism. The memory encodes instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the breast pump system to: select at least a first pump motor from the plurality of pump motors for a first pumping timeframe; and select at least a second pump motor from the plurality of pump motors for a second pumping timeframe.

A method and a device for monitoring an extracorporeal blood flow during an extracorporeal blood treatment with an extracorporeal blood treatment device. The extracorporeal blood treatment device may include the device for monitoring an extracorporeal blood flow. The arterial and/or venous patient access is monitored with a first and a second method, each of which there is a check for a presence of at least one criterion that is characteristic of a condition of the vascular access that is not in proper order, the criteria for the first and second methods being distinguished from one another. A blood pump, which is preferably an occlusion blood pump, is stopped once the presence of the at least one criterion of the first method has been established, while a venous cut-off unit remains open. Once the blood pump has been stopped, the presence of the at least one criterion is checked with the second method. The venous cut-off unit is not closed until the at least one criterion for the second method is present. Otherwise the blood pump is restarted to continue the blood treatment.

At least one example embodiment is a method of generating a capnographic waveform, the method including: measuring carbon dioxide in exhaled gas flowing in a first flow path, the measuring creates a first set of values indicative of carbon dioxide; measuring, by the controller of the device, carbon dioxide in exhaled gas flowing in a second flow path distinct from the first flow path, the measuring creates a second set of values indicative of carbon dioxide; and creating, by the controller of the device, a capnographic waveform. Creating the capnographic waveform may including using the first set of values indicative of carbon dioxide, the second set of values indicative of carbon dioxide, and/or both the first and second sets of values of carbon dioxide.