In a method for the manufacture of a pad built up from two fluid permeable, flexible sheets attached to each other with moisturizing, swellable gel in between, the sheets are supplied as pre-cut sheets and a first sheet of the pre-cut sheets is placed on a transport plate. Then, a layer of glue is applied on an upwardly facing side of the first sheet. Thereafter, gel beads are or gel powder is evenly applied on the upwardly facing side of the first sheet. Then, a second one of the pre-cut sheets is applied to the gel and the adhesive layer. Then a heated heating plate is pressed for some time on the top sheet of the pad formed this way.

Variable-scale, modular, easily manufacturable, energy efficient, reliable, and computer-operated farming superstructure systems (FSS) may be used to produce cannabis for human consumption with minimal water and environmental impact. A system for producing electricity, heat, and cannabis includes a power production system (PPS), a farming superstructure system (FSS), and a temperature control unit (TCU). Methods to method to separate volatiles from cannabis are described. Methods to asexually clone a plurality of cannabis plants are also provided. Cannabinoid product processing systems are described (emulsion mixing system, evaporation system, spray drying system, crystallization, foodstuff preparation system, softgel encapsulation system).

A self-watering portable greenhouse is disclosed having a tubular frame constructed of light-weight, water-tight tubular members which serves as a combined structural skeleton for external walls, a platform for plant containers, and a reservoir for liquid nutrients provided to plants in plant containers by self-watering through a wick connecting the reservoir and the plant containers.

An open-top gutter for cultivation of plants. In an example, the open-top gutter comprises at least one water space formed by a double edge and being closed at the top, or almost closed. The water space is open at the bottom of the gutter. In an example, the open-top gutter includes at least one separate water space formed by a partially double bottom and connected to the bottom of the gutter via a bottom gap. In an example, the open-top gutter includes a space limited by two side walls and a bottom wall and divided into trough-like compartments by at least one dividing wall. The dividing wall includes at least one water space formed by a double wall, open at the bottom of the gutter.

The disclosed technology includes hydroponics systems and methods of efficient, configurable nutrient solution grow reservoirs that utilize shared components while creating more space in grow facilities. The hydroponics systems include vertical and horizontal rows or layouts of connected reservoirs that may include movable reservoirs to allow for better user access and reduce aisles, which allows space for more reservoirs in a grow facility. Multiple reservoirs may be connected to one another by irrigation tubing (e.g., as shown in in vertical layouts) or by pipes or irrigation tubing (e.g., as shown in horizontal layouts) and share various multiple system components, such as water pumps, water chillers, air pumps, float valves, and drain out systems. In some implementations, incorporation of the 4 pipes in the horizontal layouts provides for efficient water circulation in a closed loop configuration throughout the disclosed hydroponic systems.

The invention provides a crop cultivation receptacle. The receptacle comprises a base and side walls that project from the base to define a receptacle space between them. In the receptacle space, a body of growth medium for the cultivation of crops can in use be contained such that a major portion thereof is spaced from the base. The receptacle also comprises at least one recess that is defined in the base. Into the recess, a minor portion of the body of growth medium can extend and in which the minor portion of the body of growth medium can be contained. The receptacle further comprises water feed control means that limits water feed to the receptacle space so as not to exceed a predetermined depth of water in the receptacle space above non-recessed portions of the base.

A modular cell that may be used with other cells to form a matrix under a load bearing feature, the cell being a single piece molding that supports a compressive load placed thereon, the molding including a void space defined within: a skirt shaped support member defining a substantially planar surface with an opening therein; and at least one leg integral to and extending from the support member. The cell further includes at least one linking member that releasably links together multiple cells to form a matrix of cells. The cells may be linked together vertically and/or horizontally. The cell and matrix include greater load bearing capacity and rigidity through aligned legs to carry the weight and interlinking members that act to share the load among the various cells. The design is cheaper to produce and allows easy access of the void space for filling and laying utility lines.

A method and system for protecting roots of plants, including: an encasement disposed in a hole formed in soil, the encasement serves as a barrier between contents of the encasement and the soil surrounding the hole; and a feeding means, for communicating sustenance to roots of at least one plant disposed in the encasement.

A multifunctional underground irrigation system comprises of an underground irrigation, fertilization and respiration (UIFR) device with three types of air/pressure releasing structures, an universal unique label and label reader, three irrigation monitoring indicators, various sample collecting channels and measurement devices, a movable monitoring device, a water supply system, and a data center. The water containers, water drip controlling device, water flow rate controlling device, AAB device and AWPAE devices constitute the irrigation device for field plants or potted plants culture. The combination of the wireless technologies with various sensors in one of three indicators enables the underground irrigation to be visible, hearable, viewable and remotely controllable at real time and real-location manner for precision management of plant cultivation. The movable device provides a way to monitor the water supply system and to calibrate data obtained from UIFR devices. All devices in the system are repairable and replaceable.

An assembly well irrigation system for environmentally friendly water conservation includes: at least one well, having a ventilation tube inserted into the top of the well, an absorbent element covered onto the bottom and outer wall of the ventilation tube and filled up in an opening between the top of the well and the ventilation tube, and a float contained in the ventilation tube; and at least one water supply bottle, having a cover installed to the opening of the water supply bottle, and the cover having a fixed tube passing to the cover and a penetrating hole formed on the cover, and the penetrating hole having a movable tube capable of moving up and down for adjustment, and the water supply bottle being inverted, such that the cover is installed to the well, and the fixed tube, the movable tube and the ventilation tube are situated in the well.