Improvements to asynchronous spatial listen before talk (LBT) procedures are disclosed. In a shared spectrum network spatial LBT procedures are used for directionally targeting the channel reservation process. Prior to transmitting channel reservation signaling, the transmitter and receiver determine an effective interference considering available multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) configuration information. When the effective interference exceeds a predefined threshold, the node may without transmission of its channel reservation signal. Otherwise, when the effective interference remains within the threshold, each node's transmitted channel reservation signal may also identify at least a beamforming matrix either as payload or used to precode the node's channel reservation signal.

Improvements to asynchronous spatial listen before talk (LBT) procedures are disclosed. In a shared spectrum network spatial LBT procedures are used for directionally targeting the channel reservation process. Prior to transmitting channel reservation signaling, the transmitter and receiver determine an effective interference considering available multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) configuration information. When the effective interference exceeds a predefined threshold, the node may without transmission of its channel reservation signal. Otherwise, when the effective interference remains within the threshold, each node's transmitted channel reservation signal may also identify at least a beamforming matrix either as payload or used to precode the node's channel reservation signal.

A protective product, such as, e.g., an envelope or pouch, is provided that includes at least one expanded slit paper sheet in an expanded state, and an embossed paper sheet facing the expanded slit paper sheet and fixed to the expanded slit paper sheet along at least a portion of a length in an expansion direction of the expanded slit sheet paper. In the preferred embodiments, the embossed paper sheet has a plurality of embossings that increase the rigidity of the embossed paper sheet, thereby inhibiting deformation of the embossed paper sheet that is fixed to the expanded slit sheet paper.

A thermoplastic film which embodies a three-dimensional pattern. The thermoplastic film comprises a three-dimensional pattern including at least three sub-patterns of deformations. The shape, positioning, and pattern deformation density of the at least three sub-patterns of deformations cause the three-dimensional pattern to give the thermoplastic film a thicker appearance.

The present invention is directed to a produce bag. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a completely recyclable and compostable grocery-type bag for use with produce and other goods. Ideally, the bag is a calendared single-ply paper with heat-sealed seams that is resistant to destruction from moisture. While produce is contemplated, the bag can be used to contain virtually any product. Preferably, such a bag would have a window or an opening so that produce can be viewed and readily identified. The present invention is further directed to a process for creating and filling the above bag. Using a standard printing machine, the adhesive is printed onto the paper in register to desired locations on the paper to form the seams of the bag and, optionally border a window area to be cut out of the paper. If the bag is to include a window opening, the window opening is cut out within the area of applied heat-activated adhesive and a screen cover to the window such that the border of the screen cover is applied to overlap the heat-activated adhesive. Optionally, a recyclable and compostable patch can be placed around the window such that the patch covers the edge of the screen and the heat-activated adhesive to form a border for the window. The patch and screen cover to the window, if present, are adhesively sealed to the paper by heat activation. One method of assembling the bag includes forming the adhesive applied paper to create a tube of paper such that the heat-activated adhesive overlaps the paper, heat sealing the paper into a tube, automatedly filling the tube with product, heat sealing the bottom edge and top edge of the product-filled tube to form an enclosed bag with product therein. The forming and filling can be accomplished on already existing automated forming and filling machines manufactured for use with plastic bags and plastic lined paper bags. Thusly creating a sealed, filled paper bag that is a single ply unlined paper with a mesh covering attached to the paper without the need for reinforcement that can withstand the moisture released from the contents and is 100% recyclable and compostable.

The present invention is directed to a produce bag. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a completely recyclable and compostable grocery-type bag for use with produce and other goods. Ideally, the bag is a calendared single-ply paper with heat-sealed seams that is resistant to destruction from moisture. While produce is contemplated, the bag can be used to contain virtually any product. Preferably, such a bag would have a window or an opening so that produce can be viewed and readily identified. The present invention is further directed to a process for creating and filling the above bag. Using a standard printing machine, the adhesive is printed onto the paper in register to desired locations on the paper to form the seams of the bag and, optionally border a window area to be cut out of the paper. If the bag is to include a window opening, the window opening is cut out within the area of applied heat-activated adhesive and a screen cover to the window such that the border of the screen cover is applied to overlap the heat-activated adhesive. Optionally, a recyclable and compostable patch can be placed around the window such that the patch covers the edge of the screen and the heat-activated adhesive to form a border for the window. The patch and screen cover to the window, if present, are adhesively sealed to the paper by heat activation. One method of assembling the bag includes forming the adhesive applied paper to create a tube of paper such that the heat-activated adhesive overlaps the paper, heat sealing the paper into a tube, automatedly filling the tube with product, heat sealing the bottom edge and top edge of the product-filled tube to form an enclosed bag with product therein. The forming and filling can be accomplished on already existing automated forming and filling machines manufactured for use with plastic bags and plastic lined paper bags. Thusly creating a sealed, filled paper bag that is a single ply unlined paper with a mesh covering attached to the paper without the need for reinforcement that can withstand the moisture released from the contents and is 100% recyclable and compostable.

A thermoplastic film which exhibits elastic-like behavior along at least one axis when stretched or elongated and then released. The thermoplastic film comprises a plurality of raised rib-like elements extending in a direction perpendicular to a main surface of the thermoplastic film. The thermoplastic film further includes a plurality of web areas positioned about the plurality of raised rib-like elements. The plurality of raised rib-like elements and plurality of web areas are arranged in a complex pattern. The complex pattern provides visual and tactile cues as the films are stretched or elongated. The complex pattern can cause the thermoplastic film to have a complex stretch profile.

A thermoplastic film which exhibits elastic-like behavior along at least one axis when stretched or elongated and then released. The thermoplastic film comprises a plurality of raised rib-like elements extending in a direction perpendicular to a main surface of the thermoplastic film. The thermoplastic film further includes a plurality of web areas positioned about the plurality of raised rib-like elements. The plurality of raised rib-like elements and plurality of web areas are arranged in a complex pattern. The complex pattern provides visual and tactile cues as the films are stretched or elongated. The complex pattern can cause the thermoplastic film to have a complex stretch profile.

A thermoplastic bag includes duplicative seals. In particular, in one or more implementations, a thermoplastic bag includes a first seal and at least a second seal reinforcing the same area of the thermoplastic bag. For instance, in one or more implementations, the thermoplastic bag includes multiple seals along each side edge or along the hem. If one seal fails, the other seal(s) can remain in place to prevent leaks. Thus, the duplicative seals of the thermoplastic bag can provide reinforced strength and desired aesthetics.

The present invention is directed to a produce bag. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a completely recyclable and compostable grocery-type bag for use with produce and other goods. Ideally, the bag is a calendared single-ply paper with heat-sealed seams that is resistant to destruction from moisture. While produce is contemplated, the bag can be used to contain virtually any product. Preferably, such a bag would have a window or an opening so that produce can be viewed and readily identified.

The present invention is further directed to a process for creating and filling the above bag. Using a standard printing machine, the adhesive is printed onto the paper in register to desired locations on the paper to form the seams of the bag and, optionally border a window area to be cut out of the paper. If the bag is to include a window opening, the window opening is cut out within the area of applied heat-activated adhesive and a screen cover to the window such that the border of the screen cover is applied to overlap the heat-activated adhesive. Optionally, a recyclable and compostable patch can be placed around the window such that the patch covers the edge of the screen and the heat-activated adhesive to form a border for the window. The patch and screen cover to the window, if present, are adhesively sealed to the paper by heat activation. One method of assembling the bag includes forming the adhesive applied paper to create a tube of paper such that the heat-activated adhesive overlaps the paper, heat sealing the paper into a tube, automatedly filling the tube with product, heat sealing the bottom edge and top edge of the product-filled tube to form an enclosed bag with product therein. The forming and filling can be accomplished on already existing automated forming and filling machines manufactured for use with plastic bags and plastic lined paper bags. Thusly creating a sealed, filled paper bag that is a single ply unlined paper with a mesh covering attached to the paper without the need for reinforcement that can withstand the moisture released from the contents and is 100% recyclable and compostable.