At least one of a horn or an anvil includes protrusions that protrude from a facing surface thereof. Two panel parts and a gusset part folded and interposed between the panel parts are sandwiched and compressed by the horn and the anvil. Two portions of the gusset part are welded to each other by ultrasonic vibration of the horn during the sandwiching and compressing.

A thermoplastic film which exhibits elastic-like behavior along at least one axis when stretched or elongated and then released. The thermoplastic film comprises a plurality of raised rib-like elements extending in a direction perpendicular to a main surface of the thermoplastic film. The thermoplastic film further includes a plurality of web areas positioned about the plurality of raised rib-like elements. The plurality of raised rib-like elements and plurality of web areas are arranged in a complex pattern. The complex pattern provides visual and tactile cues as the films are stretched or elongated. The complex pattern can cause the thermoplastic film to have a low force extension.

A method includes a bag forming process with a bag wicketing machine having a sideweld seal head that receives plies of web material, conveys the plies through the sideweld seal head, seals the plies together, cuts the plies to form a bag blank, and moves the bag blank onto an exit conveyor. Pressurized air from nozzles of a pneumatic blow down bar is directed at the bag blank. With an energized laser operatively mounted on the pneumatic blow down bar, the position of the pneumatic blow down bar relative to the bag blank and the exit of the sideweld seal head is adjusted so that a beam emanating from the laser is positioned against the bag blank at a desired location where pressurized air from the nozzles of the pneumatic blow down bar is directed against the bag blank and forces the bag blank into engagement with the conveyor.

A non-continuously laminated structure of thermoplastic films comprises thermoplastic films with differing material compositions and differing functional benefits. In particular, one or more embodiments comprise thermoplastic films that are co-extruded separately and then combined together by a post-extrusion bonding process. The differing composition of the various films of the non-continuously laminated structure of thermoplastic films and the post-extrusion bonding process, provide the structures with the functional benefits of the individual films.

Improvements to asynchronous spatial listen before talk (LBT) procedures are disclosed. In a shared spectrum network spatial LBT procedures are used for directionally targeting the channel reservation process. Prior to transmitting channel reservation signaling, the transmitter and receiver determine an effective interference considering available multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) configuration information. When the effective interference exceeds a predefined threshold, the node may without transmission of its channel reservation signal. Otherwise, when the effective interference remains within the threshold, each node's transmitted channel reservation signal may also identify at least a beamforming matrix either as payload or used to precede the node's channel reservation signal.

A multi-layer co-extruded film includes a first layer having a first color and a second layer having a second different color, wherein the first and second layers are co-extruded layers. The multi-layer co-extruded film also includes a plurality of intermittently stretched regions, wherein the multi-layer co-extruded film exhibits a perceivable color change when subjected to a strain. In perceivable color change or E between about 2.50 and about 7.00. Methods of forming a multi-layer co-extruded film includes coextruding a first layer having a first color with a second layer having a second different color and intermittently stretching a plurality of regions of the multi-layer co-extruded film, wherein the first layer and the second layer are co-extruded and intermittently stretched to exhibit a perceivable color change when subjected to a strain.

According to an aspect of the invention, provided is a bag-shaped container including a tubular film and at least one pair of engagement portions. The tubular film has an inner surface and an outer surface, and is folded in a manner that the outer surface configures both an inner surface of a bag body and an outer surface of the bag body. The at least one pair of engagement portions projects from the inner surface of the bag body, and engages with each other.

A bag making apparatus includes a welding device for welding a sheet panel and a strip member in a zone where the sheet panel is intermittently fed by a feed device and a cut device disposed downstream of the welding device to cross-cut the sheet panel and the strip member every intermitted feed cycle. The welding device include a pressure unit for pressurizing the sheet panel and the strip member superposed on each other and a laser unit for irradiating the sheet panel or the strip member with a laser beam at an irradiation position upstream of a pressure position of the pressure unit to melt the sheet panel or the strip member. The pressure unit and the laser unit are configured to be movable together upstream and downstream relative to the sheet panel while maintaining a relative positional relationship between the pressure position and the irradiation position.

Multi-layer bags may be formed to include first and second sidewalls joined along a first side edge, an opposite second side edge, and a closed bottom edge. The first and second layers may be non-continuously laminated together in discrete sections to include bonded regions in which the layers are bonded and unbonded regions in which the layers are not bonded. Such a bag may be described as a bag-in-a-bag type configuration in which the inner bag is non-continuously bonded to the outer bag. The inventors have surprisingly found that such configurations of non-continuous bonding provides increased and unexpected strength properties to the multi-layer films and bags.