Roof covering (I) for flat roofs, comprises (A) a polymeric sealing layer and (C) a self-adhesive layer, separated by a soft elastomeric intermediate layer (B).

In the phenolic resin foam laminate board (10), a surface material (2) is arranged on at least one of one side of a phenolic resin foam (1) and the back side of the one side. The phenolic resin foam (1) has a density of not less than 22 kg/m.sup.3 and not more than 50 kg/m.sup.3, a cell diameter of not less than 50 μm and not more than 170 μm, and a closed cell ratio of not less than 80%. When HCFO-1224yd(Z), aliphatic hydrocarbons having a carbon number of 6 or less, chlorinated saturated hydrocarbons having a carbon number of 5 or less, and hydrofluoroolefin are gas components, the phenolic resin foam contains only HCFO-1224yd (Z) as a gas component. A cell internal pressure of air bubble is 0.20 atm or more.

In the phenolic resin foam laminate board (10), a surface material (2) is arranged on at least one of one side of a phenolic resin foam (1) and the back side of the one side. The phenolic resin foam (1) has a density of not less than 22 kg/m.sup.3 and not more than 50 kg/m.sup.3, a cell diameter of not less than 50 μm and not more than 170 μm, and a closed cell ratio of not less than 80%. When HCFO-1224yd(Z), aliphatic hydrocarbons having a carbon number of 6 or less, chlorinated saturated hydrocarbons having a carbon number of 5 or less, and hydrofluoroolefin are gas components, the phenolic resin foam contains only HCFO-1224yd (Z) as a gas component. A cell internal pressure of air bubble is 0.20 atm or more.

A multilayer thermal insulation panel for construction and manufacturing method thereof are described. A manufacturing method of a backing layer of a multilayer thermal insulation panel for construction, the method comprising the steps of: providing a reinforcement layer in fibrous material, spreading a first fluid mineral mixture on the reinforcement layer to form a cladding layer of the reinforcement layer; forming a fire-resistant layer comprising expansive graphite on the cladding layer; and drying the backing layer.

A multilayer thermal insulation panel for construction and manufacturing method thereof are described. A manufacturing method of a backing layer of a multilayer thermal insulation panel for construction, the method comprising the steps of: providing a reinforcement layer in fibrous material, spreading a first fluid mineral mixture on the reinforcement layer to form a cladding layer of the reinforcement layer; forming a fire-resistant layer comprising expansive graphite on the cladding layer; and drying the backing layer.

The present invention relates to a foam formed solid composite, comprising: a matrix phase consisting of a mixture of nanocellulose, at least one foaming agent, and optional additives, and a dispersed phase consisting of solid low-density particles having a density of less than 1.2 kg/dm.sup.3. The present invention further relates to a method and a liquid foam composition for manufacturing the solid composite.

A method for preparing rigid polyurethane (PUR) foams or rigid polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams in which method the rigid PUR or PIR foam is prepared by reacting a composition (C) comprising: at least one isocyanate-reactive component (B1) having functional groups selected from hydroxyl, amine and thiol groups; at least one isocyanate component (A1) having an average functionality of less than 2.70; and at least one blowing agent [blowing agent (BA), herein after]; with the proviso that the overall average functionality [F.sub.n,avg(A), herein after] of all isocyanate components present in the composition (C) is less than 2.70; wherein the composition (C) is characterized by an isocyanate index X, wherein the rigid PUR or PIR foams are produced by depositing the composition (C) between two gas-tight facing sheets and wherein the rigid PUR or PIR foam is characterized by a difference Δλ between the initial thermal conductivity value λ.sub.ini and the aged thermal conductivity value λ.sub.aged of said rigid PUR or PIR foam wherein: when X≤200 then Δλ<1.35; and when X>200 then Δλ<[6.49−(4.46*F.sub.n,avg(A))−(0.02348*X)+(0.492*F.sub.n,avg(A)*F.sub.n,avg(A))+(0.01343*F.sub.n,avg(A)*X)+0.3].

The present disclosure relates to a crash pad for a vehicle and a manufacturing method thereof. In an embodiment, the crash pad for a vehicle includes: a skin layer configured to form an outer surface of a crash pad including an airbag module; a core layer formed on a lower surface of the skin layer; and a foam layer formed between the core layer and the skin layer, wherein the skin layer has a tensile strength of 15 to 120 kgf/cm.sup.2 and an elongation at break of 50 to 700% measured in accordance with JIS K6301 standard, and a bonding strength of 0.25 kgf/cm or more as measured in accordance with ISO 813 standard.

The present disclosure relates to a crash pad for a vehicle and a manufacturing method thereof. In an embodiment, the crash pad for a vehicle includes: a skin layer configured to form an outer surface of a crash pad including an airbag module; a core layer formed on a lower surface of the skin layer; and a foam layer formed between the core layer and the skin layer, wherein the skin layer has a tensile strength of 15 to 120 kgf/cm.sup.2 and an elongation at break of 50 to 700% measured in accordance with JIS K6301 standard, and a bonding strength of 0.25 kgf/cm or more as measured in accordance with ISO 813 standard.

A foam sheet core, including a plurality of foam sheet walls defining an array of hollow cells, wherein the plurality of foam sheet walls are bonded together to form the array of hollow cells, each of the plurality of foam sheet walls has a thickness from about 0.002 inches to about 0.08 inches, and each of the plurality of foam sheet walls has an average height from about 0.05 inches to about 5 inches.