A dummy wafer includes a planar heater and a pair of plate-shaped members formed of an aluminum alloy, aluminum, or silicon carbide, wherein the planar heater is sandwiched by the plate-shaped members.

A sacrificial material on one surface of a core material, a Al brazing material containing Si: 6.0% to 14.0%, Mg: 0.05% to 1.5%, Bi: 0.05% to 0.25%, Sr: 0.0001% to 0.1%, and Al balance and satisfying (Bi+Mg)×Sr≤0.1 is disposed on the other surface, Mg—Bi-based compounds of the brazing material with a diameter of 0.1-5.0 μm are more than 20 per 10,000-μm.sup.2 and the Mg—Bi-based compounds with a diameter of 5.0 μm or more are less than 2 before brazing, the core material contains Mn: 1.0% to 1.7%, Si: 0.2% to 1.0%, Fe: 0.1% to 0.5%, Cu: 0.08% to 1.0%, Mg: 0.1% to 0.7%, and Al balance, the sacrificial material contains Zn: 0.5% to 6.0% and Mg of which a content is limited to 0.1% or less, and a Mg concentration on a surface of the sacrificial material after brazing is 0.15% or less.

An alloy structure having a low magnesium content surface includes an alloy layer having an original magnesium content and a magnesium-deficient layer formed on the alloy layer, and the magnesium-deficient layer has a low magnesium content surface.

A multilayered, flexible, and generally flat pouch for transporting and dispensing chocolate, including first and second elongated generally rectangular multilayered portions sealed together to yield a deformable generally rectangular fluid-tight sachet defining an internal volume and separating the internal volume from an external environment. The sachet further defines a top end, an oppositely disposed bottom end, and first and second sides extending therebetween. An untempered chocolate portion is contained within the internal volume. A tear notch is formed through at least one side and disposed adjacent the top end and a weakened tear strip extends between the second side and the bottom end. The sachet is substantially fluid-tight, and first and second elongated generally rectangular multilayered portions each further comprise an outer layer, an inner high-slip layer, a printable binding layer disposed between the inner and outer layers, and a metal vapor barrier layer disposed between the inner and outer layers. When actuated, the first weakened tear strip produces a corner pour spout through which molten chocolate may be extracted from the sachet. When actuated, the second weakened tear strip produces a central aperture through which molten chocolate may be extracted from the sachet.

A foil stock comprising at least one AlFeSi-based layer. The foil stock according to the invention comprises an AlMg-based core layer and an AlFeSi-based cladding layer of not more than 0.05% by weight, in particular of not more than 0.03% by weight magnesium (Mg), thereby ensuring high strength and good deformation and coating properties of a carrier foil produced from said foil stock.

A three-layer clad material includes a core material, a cladding material 1, and a cladding material 2, the core material including an aluminum alloy that includes 0.5 to 1.8% of Mn, and either or both of more than 0.05% and less than 0.2% of Cu, and 0.05 to 0.30% of Ti, with the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities, the cladding material 1 including an aluminum alloy that includes 3 to 10% of Si, and 1 to 10% of Zn, with the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities, and the cladding material 2 including an aluminum alloy that includes 3 to 13% of Si, and 0.05% or less of Cu, with the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities, wherein the Si content X (%) in the cladding material 1 and the Si content Y (%) in the cladding material 2 satisfy the value (Y−X) is −1.5 to 9%.

The invention concerns a brazing sheet comprising a core layer (5) and a braze cladding, said core layer (5) being aluminium or an aluminium alloy, said braze cladding comprising (a) a flux composite layer (2), which flux composite layer comprises a matrix of aluminium or an aluminium alloy, said matrix containing flux particles; (b) at least one filler alloy layer (1) not containing flux particles; and, (c) an aluminium or aluminium alloy layer (3) not containing flux particles, said layer forming the outermost surface of at least one side of the brazing sheet, wherein the flux composite layer (a) is positioned between said filler alloy layer (b) and said aluminium or aluminium alloy layer (c). The invention further concerns a method for its manufacturing, a cladding plate, use of the brazing sheet and a brazed heat exchanger.

The disclosure relates to a heat exchange compound module and a manufacturing method for a heat exchange compound module. The heat exchange compound module comprises a metal-ceramic substrate and a heat exchange structure. The metal-ceramic substrate comprises an outer layer of a first metallic material. The heat exchange structure is made of a second metallic material and is connected to the outer layer of the metal-ceramic substrate only by an eutectic bond between the first metallic material and the second metallic material.

An aluminum alloy clad material includes: a sacrificial material on one surface of a core material; and an Al—Si—Mg—Bi-based brazing material disposed on other surface of the core material, contains, by mass %, Si: 6.0% to 14.0%, Mg: 0.05% to 1.5%, Bi: 0.05% to 0.25%, Sr: 0.0001% to 0.1%, and a balance consisting of Al and inevitable impurities, and satisfies a relationship of (Bi+Mg)×Sr≤0.1 by mass %, in which Mg—Bi-based compounds contained in the Al—Si—Mg—Bi-based brazing material with a diameter of 0.1 μm or more and less than 5.0 μm are more than 20 in number per 10,000-μm.sup.2 and the Mg—Bi-based compounds with a diameter of 5.0 μm or more are less than 2 in number, and the core material contains Mn: 0.9% to 1.7%, Si: 0.2% to 1.0%, Fe: 0.1% to 0.5%, Cu: 0.08% to 1.0%, and a balance consisting of Al and inevitable impurities.

An Al—Si—Mg—Bi-based brazing material containing Si: 6.0% to 14.0%, Fe: 0.05% to 0.3%, Mg: 0.02% to 1.5%, Bi: 0.05% to 0.25%, Sr: 0.0001% to 0.1%, and a balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and satisfies (Bi+Mg)×Sr≤0.1, is disposed on both surfaces of a core material, Mg—Bi-based compounds of the brazing material with a diameter of 0.1 μm or more and less than 5.0 μm in terms of equivalent circle diameter are more than 20 in number in 10,000 μm.sup.2 and the Mg—Bi-based compounds with diameter of 5.0 μm or more are less than 2 in number in 10,000 μm.sup.2, the core material contains Mn: 0.8% to 1.8%, Si: 0.01% to 1.0%, Fe: 0.1% to 0.5%, and a balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and a cathode current density of a brazing material layer after a brazing heat treatment is 0.1 mA/cm.sup.2 or less.