A catheter system may include a catheter lumen, first and second electrodes, and a sensor in communication with the first and second electrodes. The sensor may be configured to detect at least one of: a bulk volume of blood within a blood vessel and extravasation of a drug from the blood vessel into soft tissue adjacent the blood vessel. Other catheter systems may include a catheter lumen and a sensing chip coupled to the catheter lumen. The sensing chip may be configured to detect at least one of: a bulk volume of blood within a blood vessel and extravasation of a drug from the blood vessel into soft tissue adjacent the blood vessel.

Systems and methods for treating a medical condition such as worsening heart failure (WHF) are described. A medical system may sense one or more physiological signals, and generate from the sensed physiological signals a signal metric trend indicating a progression of heart failure. A detector may detect a physiological event leading to WHF. A therapy control circuit may generate a therapy titration protocol using the generated signal metric trend. The therapy titration protocol includes a temporal profile of therapy dosage relative to a target dosage. The therapy control circuit may adjust the target dosage based on patient response. Therapies may be administered by a clinician or automatically delivered to the patient according to the therapy titration protocol.

In one embodiment, an infusion set and sensor assembly delivered within a subject is disclosed. The assembly includes a cannula that is terminated at a cannula opening. The assembly further includes a sharp that is at least partially within the hollow of the cannula. A sensor having a proximal end and a distal end is also included in the assembly. The proximal end of the sensor is held in a fixed location while the distal end is retained with a portion of the cannula. The sensor further includes sensor slack, wherein transitioning the sharp from a first position to a second position simultaneously inserts the cannula and sensor to a desired insertion depth within a subject via a single point of insertion.

The present disclosure relates to a calculation device for determining an interdialytic sodium intake of a patient and/or for determining a non-osmotically triggered interdialytic liquid intake, including a storage device and/or an input device configured for storing or for entering parameter values of the patient; a computing device, configured for calculating the interdialytic sodium intake of the patient and/or for calculating his non-osmotically triggered interdialytic liquid intake; and an output device for outputting a signal for controlling or closed-loop controlling a communication device and/or a medical blood treatment apparatus.

Embodiments include methods and systems for maintaining glucose homeostasis. Systems can include a pump, a first reservoir including a homeostasis agent, an umbilical catheter capable of being advanced in the umbilical vein or in the falciform ligament, and a sensor. Systems can also include a biocompatible coating, a microprocessor in communication with the pump and the sensor, and a power supply. Methods can include implanting a pump and reservoir subcutaneously in a patient, advancing a catheter in the umbilical vein or in the falciform ligament, measuring a blood glucose level, pumping a homeostasis agent, and administering the homeostasis agent to the portal venous system.

Systems and methods for generating and delivering nitric oxide are provided. In one aspect, a nitric oxide generator includes an inlet arranged to receive a gas including nitrogen and oxygen, an outlet, a pair of electrodes arranged downstream of the inlet and configured to generate nitric oxide from the gas, a pressure regulator configured to selectively adjust a pressure of the gas surrounding the electrodes, an accumulator in communication with the pressure regulator, a nitric oxide sensor arranged to measure a concentration of nitric oxide at the outlet, and a controller in communication with the pair of electrodes, the pressure regulator, and the nitric oxide sensor. The controller is configured to selectively instruct the pressure regulator to adjust the pressure of the gas surrounding the electrodes in response to the concentration of nitric oxide measured at the outlet by the nitric oxide sensor.

A medical monitoring device for monitoring electrical signals from the body of a subject is described. The medical monitoring device monitors electrical signals originating from a cardiac cycle of the subject and associates each cardiac cycle with a time index. The medical monitoring device applies a forward computational procedure to generate a risk score indicative of hyperkalemia, hypokalemia or arrhythmia of the subject. The medical monitoring device can adjust the forward computational procedure based upon clinical data obtained from the subject.

An optical blood monitoring system and corresponding method avoid the need to obtain a precise intensity value of the light impinging upon the measured blood layer during the analysis. The system is operated to determine at least two optical measurements through blood layers of different thickness but otherwise substantially identical systems. Due to the equivalence of the systems, the two measurements can be compared so that the bulk extinction coefficient of the blood can be calculated based only on the known blood layer thicknesses and the two measurements. Reliable measurements of various blood parameters can thereby be determined without certain calibration steps.

A processor obtains input of a logistically attainable end tidal partial pressure of gas X (PetX[i].sup.T) for one or more respective breaths [i] and input of a prospective computation of an amount of gas X required to be inspired by the subject in an inspired gas to target the PetX[i].sup.T for a respective breath [i] using inputs required to utilize a mass balance relationship, wherein one or more values required to control the amount of gas X in a volume of gas delivered to the subject is output from an expression of the mass balance relationship. The mass balance relationship is expressed in a form which takes into account (prospectively), for a respective breath [i], the amount of gas X in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli and the amount of gas X in the alveoli, optionally based on a model of the lung which accounts for those sub-volumes of gas in the lung which substantially affect the alveolar gas X concentration affecting mass transfer.

A processor obtains input of a logistically attainable end tidal partial pressure of gas X (PetX[i].sup.T) for one or more respective breaths [i] and input of a prospective computation of an amount of gas X required to be inspired by the subject in an inspired gas to target the PetX[i].sup.T for a respective breath [i] using inputs required to utilize a mass balance relationship, wherein one or more values required to control the amount of gas X in a volume of gas delivered to the subject is output from an expression of the mass balance relationship. The mass balance relationship is expressed in a form which takes into account (prospectively), for a respective breath [i], the amount of gas X in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli and the amount of gas X in the alveoli, optionally based on a model of the lung which accounts for those sub-volumes of gas in the lung which substantially affect the alveolar gas X concentration affecting mass transfer.