Cards embodying the invention include a core subassembly whose elements define the functionality of the card and a hard coat subassembly attached to the top and/or bottom sides of the core subassembly to protect the core subassembly from wear and tear and being scratched. The core subassembly may be formed solely of plastic layers or of different combinations of plastic and metal layers and may include all the elements of a smart card enabling contactless RF communication and/or direct contact communication. The hard coat subassembly includes a hard coat layer, which typically includes nanoparticles, and a buffer or primer layer formed so as to be attached between the hard coat layer and the core subassembly for enabling the lasering of the core subassembly without negatively impacting the hard coat layer and/or for imparting color to the card.

A method for applying a layer having a relief on a substrate includes, steps of securing the substrate, applying a layer of a curable liquid on the substrate, bringing a mould having a relief being the negative of the relief to be provided on the substrate, into contact with a part of the upper surface of the liquid layer, curing the liquid layer while the mould is in contact with the liquid and separating the mould from the substrate. Initially the mould is brought into contact with the liquid in a bent position while the substrate is kept flat and subsequently the mould is brought into contact over an increasing surface area keeping the mould in a bent position until the complete liquid layer is in contact with the mould.

A lamination device for laminating a photovoltaic stack on a profiled metallic panel, the lamination device including a lid covered on its underside with an upper flexible pressure membrane so as to form an airtight upper chamber that may be ventilated or evacuated and/or including an upper heating device whose bottom side has a crenellated profile, the device also including a chassis covered on its top with a lower flexible pressure membrane so as to form an airtight lower chamber that may be ventilated or evacuated and/or including a lower heating device whose upper side has a cross-section which differs from the crenellated profile of the bottom side of the upper heating device, wherein the lid is capable of sealably laying on the chassis so that the cavity thus formed is airtight and may be ventilated or evacuated. A corresponding process is also provided.

The present invention relates to a process for laminating components with sheets, in which an adhesive is applied to the surface of the laminating sheet and/or of the component in a grid-like manner, so that, after the sheet and the component are joined, the adhesive is arranged between the sheet and the component, and the regions between the applied adhesive form a channel system that enables the removal of the air that is present between the component and the sheet. The invention further relates to a laminated molded part obtainable by the above-outlined process. The use of an adhesive grid provided between a component and a laminating sheet results in a reduction or prevention of air inclusions when the component is laminated with a laminating sheet.

An energy efficient film comprising of first and second substrate layers and microstructures positioned between the first and second substrates is provided. The microstructures are positioned between the first and second structures such that a vacuum environment is created between the first and second substrates. In one embodiment, the insulating film includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a plurality of microstructures positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate, such that a vacuum environment is created between the first and second substrates and within each microstructure cell, individually. Preferably, the plurality of microstructures is a polygonal cellular network positioned between a first transparent substrate and a second transparent substrate. A gasket may be provided on one or both of the first or second substrates. The gasket may also be provided on outer edges of the first and/or the second substrate.

The present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing highly reliable plastic glazing by forming a high hardness coating layer. The method for manufacturing plastic glazing includes: a base material layer supply step of supplying base material layer made of polycarbonate (PC) resin; an adhesive supply step of applying an adhesive to at least one side of the base material layer; a coating film supply step of seating a coating film on an upper side of the adhesive applied to the base material layer; and an attaching step of pressing the supplied coating film and of attaching to the base material layer. Through such a manufacturing method, there is an effect of improving the scratch resistance, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, and light resistance by forming the high hardness coating layer in the base material layer made of PC.

The present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing highly reliable plastic glazing by forming a high hardness coating layer. The method for manufacturing plastic glazing includes: a base material layer supply step of supplying base material layer made of polycarbonate (PC) resin; an adhesive supply step of applying an adhesive to at least one side of the base material layer; a coating film supply step of seating a coating film on an upper side of the adhesive applied to the base material layer; and an attaching step of pressing the supplied coating film and of attaching to the base material layer. Through such a manufacturing method, there is an effect of improving the scratch resistance, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, and light resistance by forming the high hardness coating layer in the base material layer made of PC.

Disclosed are a degassing machine and a degassing system. The degassing machine includes a machine body defined with a containing groove, an inner wall of the containing groove being provided with an electric control terminal; and a furnace body including: an upper cover fixed on a wall of the containing groove and a drawer slidably provided in the containing groove. The drawer is provided with a contact terminal corresponding to the electric control terminal, and is for placing a workpiece.

A composite board is formed from binding a cover layer to a base layer, wherein the base layer has a composition comprising one or more of the following ingredients: magnesium oxide, recycled magnesium oxide, fibrous chips, wood chips, bamboo chips, chemical additive and water. A method of manufacturing the composite board includes providing the base layer, which includes preparing a semi-arid mixture of the above ingredients, and pouring the mixture through a funnel onto a conveyor belt. The conveyor belt passes the mixture through a series of rollers to remove excess liquid. The layer is cut into panels, which are heat before being sprayed with dried magnesium oxide. A binding agent is applied to one side of the base layer. The cover layer has a bottom surface which is then aligned and bonded to one side of the base layer.

Resin compositions, layers, and interlayers comprising a poly(vinyl acetal) resin that includes residues of an aldehyde other than n-butyraldehyde are provided. Such compositions, layers, and interlayers can exhibit enhanced or optimized properties as compared to those formulated with comparable poly(vinyl n-butyral) resins.