As described above, one or more aspects of the present disclosure provide articles having structural color, and methods of making articles having structural color.

A method of making an electrically-conductive film is provided. The method includes providing a release layer, optionally having a topologically structured surface, and depositing at least one electrically-conductive layer on the release layer whereby the at least one electrically-conductive layer has an outer surface that substantially replicates the topologically structured surface. The electrically-conductive layer can be peeled away from the release layer to obtain the electrically-conductive film. Such electrically-conductive films can be useful in lightning strike applications.

A processing machine includes: (A) a lamination module including: (A1) a supply roller on which a band carrying a protective film or a layer of varnish to be deposited is wound, (A2) a recovery roller on which the band is wound after the protective film or layer of varnish has been applied to a plastic card, (A3) a heating roller disposed between the supply roller and the recovery roller, (A4) a backing roller disposed against the heating roller, and (A5) a constraining roller; (B) an insertion system defining, with the heating roller, an upstream transfer path along which the plastic card moves as far as the heating roller; (C) a discharge system defining, with the backing roller, a downstream transfer path along which the plastic card moves from the backing roller. The constraining roller is disposed across the downstream transfer path.

A film-embossing apparatus with a hot-embossing device which has a heated embossing stamp. With the formation of a contact pressure, a transfer layer, arranged on a carrier film, of a hot-embossing film is transferred to a surface of a workpiece. The hot-embossing device has control inputs and outputs. The film-embossing apparatus has an industrial robot with control inputs and outputs. The control inputs and outputs of the hot-embossing device and of the industrial robot are connected to a control unit. The industrial robot is formed such that it guides the workpiece to the hot-embossing device, positions the workpiece on the embossing stamp, guides the workpiece past the embossing stamp, and guides the embossed workpiece away from the hot-embossing device. The industrial robot can also position the hot-embossing device on the workpiece.

The invention relates to a method for producing at least one solid layer and comprises at least the steps of: providing a carrier substrate (4) having a sacrificial layer (8) arranged thereon or arranging a sacrificial layer (8) on the provided carrier substrate (4), producing a useful layer (6) by way of chemical or physical gas phase deposition on the sacrificial layer (8) to form a multi-layer arrangement (2), removing the useful layer (6) as a result of a material weakening produced between the useful layer (6) and the carrier substrate (4), said material weakening being brought about by modifications (12) to the sacrificial layer (8) which were produced means of laser beams (10).

Among other things a method including releasing a discrete component from an interim handle and depositing a discrete component on a handle substrate, attaching the handle substrate to the discrete component, and removing the handle substrate from the discrete component.

The present disclosure is directed towards systems and methods for transferring graphene from the surface of one substrate to another. In one particular embodiment, the graphene layer is grown on a surface of a first substrate, where the bottom of the first substrate is then affixed to the surface of a second substrate. The second substrate may include material made of a rigid or semi-rigid composition to provide structural support and backing to the first substrate. The graphene layer may then be delaminated from the first substrate and transferred to a target surface, such as the surface of an electronic device or biosensor.

Techniques are described for transferring nanofiber forests using transfer films that either lack a conventional adhesive at the substrate - nanofiber forest interface or that include a diffusion barrier that prevents diffusion of adhesive molecules (or other polymer molecules mobile at ambient temperatures) into the nanofiber forest. These techniques can be applied to single layer nanofiber forests or stacks of multiple nanofiber forest. By selecting the bond strength between the nanofiber forest and the transfer films, the nanofibers can be aligned in a common direction that includes, but is not limited to, perpendicular to a substrate or transfer film.

A film capable of covering an article having a three-dimensional shape by heat expansion provided by one embodiment of the present disclosure comprises an outermost layer disposed on an outermost surface, and a polyurethane thermal adhesive layer, which contains a thermoplastic polyurethane selected from the group consisting of polyester-based polyurethanes and polycarbonate-based polyurethanes and is thermally adhered to the article during the heat expansion, wherein the fracture strength of the polyurethane thermal adhesive layer is not less than 1 MPa at 135° C., and the storage modulus at 150° C. and frequency 1.0 Hz is from 5×10.sup.3 Pa to 5×10.sup.5 Pa, and the coefficient of loss tan δ is not less than 0.1.

There is provided a new and improved optical body, optical film adhesive body, and method for manufacturing an optical body, in which a concave-convex structure of an optical film can be protected without the use of a protective film, the optical film can be made thinner, the handling properties can be improved, the occurrence of defects caused by a difference in the refractive index between an adhesive layer and the optical film can be minimized, and the optical film can be applied more firmly to the adherend, the optical body including: an optical film provided with first and second concave-convex structures; and a master film in which an average period of concavities and convexities of the first concave-convex structure is less than or equal to visible light wavelengths, and the master film is provided with a third concave-convex structure which has a reverse shape of the first concave-convex structure.