The present invention relates to an electrical nerve stimulator configured to deliver an electrical signal to a user to entrain Mu-band neural oscillations and/or Beta-band neural oscillations. The electrical nerve stimulator may be used in the treatment of neurological conditions associated with desynchronization of neural oscillations, such as Tourette's syndrome. The electrical nerve stimulator may be wearable on a wrist of a user, and may be configured to deliver rhythmic stimulation at a frequency falling within the same frequency range of Mu-band or Beta-band neural oscillations. The invention provides a convenient means of treating conditions such as Tourette's syndrome without the need for specialist medical equipment or facilities. Also disclosed is a method of delivering an electrical signal to a user to entrain Mu-band neural oscillations and/or Beta-band neural oscillations.

A toothbrush for promoting plaque removal, and a manufacturing method therefor are proposed. The toothbrush includes: a head part in which elements for cleaning teeth are arranged; a first electrode on the head part; a second electrode on the head part, the second electrode being spaced a predetermined distance from the first electrode and grounded; and a voltage supply part configured to superpose alternating current (AC) voltage and direct current (DC) voltage and apply the AC voltage and the DC voltage together to the first electrode.

A toothbrush for promoting plaque removal, and a manufacturing method therefor are proposed. The toothbrush includes: a head part in which elements for cleaning teeth are arranged; a first electrode on the head part; a second electrode on the head part, the second electrode being spaced a predetermined distance from the first electrode and grounded; and a voltage supply part configured to superpose alternating current (AC) voltage and direct current (DC) voltage and apply the AC voltage and the DC voltage together to the first electrode.

Skin treatment device by application of plasma to a skin, the device includes: a body having a handle; and an electrode unit generating an atmospheric pressure plasma by application of electric power, wherein first and second grounds are provided on two opposite sides of the handle, respectively, wherein the electrode unit is detachably attached to a mounting portion recessed from one surface of the body, wherein the electrode unit comprises: a first film, a second film, and a third film laminated together; and a first conductor disposed between the first and second films, and a second conductor disposed between the second and third films, such that a dielectric barrier discharge is generated between the first and the second conductors.

Skin treatment device by application of plasma to a skin, the device includes: a body having a handle; and an electrode unit generating an atmospheric pressure plasma by application of electric power, wherein first and second grounds are provided on two opposite sides of the handle, respectively, wherein the electrode unit is detachably attached to a mounting portion recessed from one surface of the body, wherein the electrode unit comprises: a first film, a second film, and a third film laminated together; and a first conductor disposed between the first and second films, and a second conductor disposed between the second and third films, such that a dielectric barrier discharge is generated between the first and the second conductors.

The present disclosure relates to subcutaneous direct current (DC) nerve conduction block. A subcutaneous electrode can be implanted under a subject's skin between the subject's skin and a neural structure within the subject's body. The subcutaneous electrode can be coupled to a current generator. A DC can be configured by the current generator and delivered through the subcutaneous electrode to block conduction in the neural structure. The subcutaneous electrode eliminates an effect of an impedance of the subject's skin on the DC. The DC can be returned to the current generator by a return electrode.

The present disclosure relates to subcutaneous direct current (DC) nerve conduction block. A subcutaneous electrode can be implanted under a subject's skin between the subject's skin and a neural structure within the subject's body. The subcutaneous electrode can be coupled to a current generator. A DC can be configured by the current generator and delivered through the subcutaneous electrode to block conduction in the neural structure. The subcutaneous electrode eliminates an effect of an impedance of the subject's skin on the DC. The DC can be returned to the current generator by a return electrode.

This invention controls stimulation levels and cycling cadence on an FES ergometer to minimize or prevent the occurrence of spasm in spinal cord injured or other neurologically impaired patients.

Stimulation using EA of LI-4, LI-11, GV-14 and GV-20 in humans, horses, and rodents results in mobilization of MSCs into systemic circulation. Methods are provided for increasing mesenchymal stem cells in the circulating blood of a mammal by contacting acupuncture points LI-4, LI-11, GV-14, and GV-20 of the mammal with a therapeutically effective amount of EA stimulation to mobilize MSCs into the circulating blood of the mammal. Methods for treating damaged tissue, specifically damaged tendons are also provided. Isolated mesenchymal stem cells made according to these methods, methods of isolated them, and stem cell banks that store them are also provided.

Stimulation using EA of LI-4, LI-11, GV-14 and GV-20 in humans, horses, and rodents results in mobilization of MSCs into systemic circulation. Methods are provided for increasing mesenchymal stem cells in the circulating blood of a mammal by contacting acupuncture points LI-4, LI-11, GV-14, and GV-20 of the mammal with a therapeutically effective amount of EA stimulation to mobilize MSCs into the circulating blood of the mammal. Methods for treating damaged tissue, specifically damaged tendons are also provided. Isolated mesenchymal stem cells made according to these methods, methods of isolated them, and stem cell banks that store them are also provided.