In a first aspect, a polymer film includes a polyimide. The polyimide includes one or more dianhydrides and one or more diamines. Each of the dianhydrides and diamines is selected from the group consisting of crankshaft monomers, flexible monomers, rigid rotational monomers, rigid non-rotational monomers, and rotational inhibitor monomers. The polymer film has a D.sub.f of 0.005 or less, a water absorption of 2.0% or less and a water vapor transport rate of 50 (g×mil)/(m.sup.2×day) or less. In a second aspect, a metal-clad laminate includes the polymer film of first aspect and a first metal layer adhered to a first outer surface of the polymer film. In a third aspect, an electronic device includes the polymer film of the first aspect.

A laminated glass according to the present invention includes a first glass plate, a second glass plate, and an interlayer film. The interlayer film includes a laminated region including a first layer that is in contact with the first glass plate, a second layer that is in contact with the second glass plate, and a third layer disposed between the first layer and the second layer. When the relative dielectric constant of the first glass plate is denoted by ε.sub.g1, the relative dielectric constant of the second glass plate is denoted by ε.sub.g2, the relative dielectric constant of the first layer is denoted by ε.sub.m1, the relative dielectric constant of the second layer is denoted by ε.sub.m2, and the relative dielectric constant of the third layer is denoted by ε.sub.m3, relationships ε.sub.m1<ε.sub.g1, ε.sub.m1<ε.sub.g2, ε.sub.m2<ε.sub.g1, ε.sub.m2<ε.sub.g2, ε.sub.m3>ε.sub.m1, ε.sub.m3>ε.sub.m2 are established.

A multilayer electronic component includes: a body and an external electrode disposed on the body, wherein the external electrode includes a conductive resin layer containing a bisphenol A-based resin and a biphenyl-based resin with a specific mixing ratio (e.g., a ratio of a content of the biphenyl-based resin with respect to a total content is 10 wt % or more and 50 wt % or less). Such a resin mixing ratio between the bisphenol A-based resin and the biphenyl-based resin can lead to 0.337≤2*C/A≤0.367 or 0.048≤B/A≤0.14, with an aromatic ring peak intensity (A), a carbonyl peak intensity (B), and an alcohol peak intensity (C) in a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. The multilayer electronic component showing such peak intensity characteristics can suppress oxidation of a conductive resin layer while also securing excellent adhesive strength of the conductive resin layer.

A flexible display apparatus comprises a glass substrate including a flat surface and a glass etching surface that is curved, and a flexible display panel including a bending portion on the glass etching surface.

A thermosetting resin material, a prepreg, and a metal substrate are provided. The thermosetting resin material includes a resin composition and inorganic fillers. The resin composition includes: 10 wt % to 30 wt % of a polyphenylene ether resin, 40 wt % to 60 wt % of a cyanate resin, and 20 wt % to 40 wt % of a bismaleimide resin. The inorganic fillers undergo a surface modification process to have at least one of an acryl group and an ethylene group.

The present disclosure is directed to dielectric elastomeric composites that include a retainable processing membrane, an elastomer material, and an electrically conductive material. The elastomer layer may be partially imbibed into the retainable processing membrane. The retainable processing membrane may be porous. The retainable processing membrane is compacted in the transverse in direction, machine direction, or in both directions prior to the application of an elastomer material and an electrically conductive material. The compaction of the retainable processing membrane may form structured folds or folded fibrils in the membrane, giving the retainable processing membrane a low modulus and flexibility. In some embodiments, the dielectric composites are positioned in a stacked configuration. Alternatively, the dielectric elastomeric composites may have a wound configuration. The dielectric composites have a total thickness less than about 170 μm. The dielectric elastomeric composites may be used, for example, in dielectric elastomer actuators, sensors, and in energy harvesting.

An apparatus for manipulating an object includes a substrate, an electrically conductive layer disposed on the substrate, and a porous medium comprising an electrically conductive material. The apparatus also includes a dielectric layer conformally disposed on the porous medium to insulate the porous medium from the object during use. The porosity of the porous medium is about 90% or greater. The adhesive strength of the porous medium is about 1 kPa or lower, and the modulus of the porous medium is about 1 GPa or lower.

A device attachable to a substrate for improving penetration of wireless communication signals is provided. The device is a bendable resin configured to enhance penetration of an incidental radio wave from a first region through the substrate to a second region by forming one or more communication signal beams in the second region. The bendable resin includes a base layer of a first material, and one or more patterned elements each formed by providing a meta-pattern of a second material on the base layer. The first and second materials are different and selected from the group consisting of a dielectric material and a metallic material. Each individual patterned element is configured to tilt the incidental radio wave to form the one or more communication signal beams, wherein each individual communication signal beam is beam-focused at a predetermined focal point or a predetermined focal area in the second region.

Disclosed is a preparation method for a copper clad laminate comprising: (1) dissolving a polymer in an organic solvent, heating and stirring to obtain a pre-impregnation liquid; (2) impregnating a liquid crystal polymer cloth in the pre-impregnation liquid, and drying to obtain a liquid crystal polymer impregnated cloth; and (3) laminating the liquid crystal polymer impregnated cloth and a copper foil to prepare the copper clad laminate, wherein the polymer in step (1) is at least one selected from the group consisting of fully aromatic polyesteramide, epoxy resin, and polyimide; and the liquid crystal polymer cloth in step (2) is prepared from a liquid crystal polymer having a melting point greater than 280° C., a dielectric constant less than 3.2, and a dielectric loss tangent angle less than 0.0025. The preparation method for the copper clad laminate has a simple preparation process and a low manufacturing cost.

An actuator includes a plurality of laminated electrode sheets, and adhesive layers provided between the electrode sheets adjacent to each other. Each electrode sheet includes an elastomer layer, and an electrode provided on the elastomer layer. The plurality of electrode sheets are laminated such that the elastomer layer and the electrode are alternately located, and the adhesive layer is thinner than the electrode.