A plastic substrate includes: a plastic support member having light transmittance; and a first organic-inorganic hybrid layer on the plastic support member. The first organic-inorganic hybrid layer includes: a first organic-inorganic hybrid matrix; and ions implanted into the first organic-inorganic hybrid matrix at a side opposite to a side adjacent the plastic support member. An amount of the ions per unit area is in a range from about 2×10.sup.13/cm.sup.2 to about 2×10.sup.14/cm.sup.2.

Golf balls having covers made of thermoplastic polyurethane compositions are provided. Multi-piece golf balls can be made. Polyurethane primer coatings and polyurethane top-coatings are applied to the thermoplastic polyurethane cover. Different coating methods can be used. Isocyanate-rich and polyol-rich polyurethane coatings can be applied. In one embodiment, the golf ball can be treated with a multi-functional isocyanate prior to applying the coatings. The polyurethane cover composition and surface coatings can further include catalysts, ultraviolet (UV)-light stabilizers, and other additives. Heat is used to cure the coatings. The coating methods have many benefits and the finished balls have good physical properties.

Disclosed are a diaphragm for a sound generating device and a sound generating device. The diaphragm comprising at least one elastomer layer, wherein the elastomer layer is made of an ethylene propylene diene monomer; and the ethylene propylene diene monomer is formed by polymerizing three monomers, the three monomers being an ethylene monomer, a propylene monomer and a non-conjugated diene monomer respectively, a mass ratio of the ethylene monomer to the propylene monomer ranging from 0.25 to 4, and content of the non-conjugated diene monomer being 1%-15% of total content of the ethylene monomer and the propylene monomer. The ethylene propylene diene monomer has excellent high-temperature resistance and thermo-oxidative aging resistance; and after the rubber is made into the diaphragm, the diaphragm is capable of working in a high-temperature environment for a long time, maintaining not only excellent elasticity but also excellent anti-fatigue characteristic, thereby possessing excellent reliability.

The invention provides a polyolefin-based resin film including a polyolefin-based resin composition that includes at least a propylene-α olefin random copolymer, wherein (1) an olefin-based block copolymer is 0 to 2 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the propylene-α olefin random copolymer; (2) an olefin-based copolymeric elastomer resin is 0 to 2 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the propylene-α olefin random copolymer; (3) a propylene homopolymer is 0 to 40 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the propylene-α olefin random copolymer; (4) the polyolefin-based resin film exhibits a thermal shrinkage rate of 25% or less in a direction in which the thermal shrinkage rate is larger between a longitudinal direction and a lateral direction; and (5) a planar orientation coefficient ΔP calculated from a refractive index of the polyolefin-based resin film is 0.0100-0.0145.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a laminate comprising a fluoropolymer layer with insulating properties, hardness, or transparency. The present disclosure relates to a laminate comprising a fluoropolymer layer, wherein the fluoropolymer comprises, as a main component, a monomer unit represented by formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are each independently a fluorine atom, a fluoroalkyl group, or a fluoroalkoxy group.

A hybrid metal composite (HMC) structure comprises tiers comprising fiber composite material structures, and additional tiers longitudinally adjacent one or more of the tiers and comprising perforated metallic structures and additional fiber composite material structures laterally adjacent the perforated metallic structures. Methods of forming an HMC structure, and related rocket motors and multi-stage rocket motor assemblies are also disclosed.

A block copolymer including a polymer block (A) containing more than 70 mol % of a unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound, and a polymer block (B) containing 30 mol % or more of a unit derived from a conjugated diene compound is provided. The block copolymer satisfies the conditions: (1): a content of the polymer block (A) in the block copolymer is 1 to 70% by mass; (2): a maximum width of a series of temperature regions where tan δ measured in accordance with JIS K7244-10 (2005), under conditions including a strain amount of 0.1%, a frequency of 1 a measurement temperature of −70 to 100° C., and a temperature rise rate of 3° C./min, is 1.0 or more is less than 16° C.; (3): a temperature at a peak position of tan δ in the condition (2) is 0° C. to +50° C.; and (4): a mobility parameter M indicating a mobility of the polymer block (B) is 0.01 to 0.25 sec.

An acrylic multilayer foil includes a layer A in which silica particles are uniformly distributed in an acrylic polymer matrix and a coating layer D. Due to adhesive promoting properties of the layer A containing silica particles, the coating layer D can be advantageously applied onto the layer A. The foil has a high weathering resistance and excellent mechanical properties. Therefore, the foil is highly suitable for surface-protection of materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and for use in high-pressure laminates (HPLs).

An instrument having a vacuum chamber, wherein a wall of the vacuum chamber includes a layer of carbon fiber reinforced thermoset having a thickness in a range of 1-10 mm, a first and a second layer of ceramic material having a thickness in a range of 40-60 μm, and a layer of aluminum having a thickness in a range of 0.5-10 mm. The first layer of ceramic material is positioned between the layer of carbon fiber reinforced thermoset and the layer of aluminum. The layer of aluminum is positioned between the first layer of ceramic material and the second layer of ceramic material. The second layer of ceramic material is positioned most to a side of an interior surface of the wall of the vacuum chamber.

A bonded body is a bonded body in which a first metal member is bonded to a second metal member, where the first metal member is formed of a material having a hardness higher than that of the second metal member. The bonded body has a structure in which the second metal member is inserted into a protruded and recessed portion formed on a bonding surface of the first metal member, and the bonded body has a region in which the first metal member is in direct contact with the second metal member, and a gap between the first metal member and the second metal member is filled with a resin material.