Provided are methods of forming stacks comprising a substrate and one or more sol-gel layers disposed on the substrate. Also provided are stacks formed by these methods. The sol-gel layers in these stacks, especially outer layers, may have a porosity of less than 1% or even less than 0.5%. In some embodiments, these layers may have a surface roughness (R.sub.a) of less than 1 nanometers. The sol-gel layers may be formed using radiative curing and/or thermal curing at temperatures of between 400° C. and 700° C. or higher. These temperatures allow application of sol-gel layers on new types of substrates. A sol-gel solution, used to form these layers, may have colloidal nanoparticles with a size of less than 20 Angstroms on average. This small size and narrow size distribution is believed to control the porosity of the resulting sol-gel layers.

A golf ball of one aspect of the present invention includes a spherical core, one or more cover members to cover the core, and a coating layer to coat a cover member configuring an outermost layer of the one or more cover members. A plurality of dimples is formed in the cover member. Shore-D hardness of the cover member is equal to or larger than 50. A 10% modulus of the coating layer is equal to or smaller than 160 kgf/cm.sup.2. Roughness is produced on a surface of the coating layer after applying a coating material over the cover member of the outermost layer A maximum height Rz of the coating layer is equal to or larger than 3 μm.

A multilayer containment and protection tube for conduits, cables and the like, includes an inner layer made of polymeric material, which is electrically at least antistatic, with a smooth internal surface, which forms a duct for supporting conduits or cables. The tube further includes one or more intermediate layers of electrically at least antistatic reinforcement, an outer layer made of electrically at least antistatic polymeric material, and a covering and finishing layer, which is electrically at least antistatic.

The present disclosure provides high bulk tissue products, as well as an apparatus and methods for manufacturing the same. The tissue products provided herein not only have high bulk, but they also have improved surface smoothness, particularly compared to tissue products of similar basis weights.

A long decorative material with an embossing in register with a pattern, a rolling method and a device therefor are described herein. The method comprises a feeding step of feeding a layered raw material of a long decorative material to be rolled into oppositely rolling rollers; and a rolling step of hot rolling an embossing on the transparent plastic layer. A feeding tension of a printed plastic layer is adjusted according to a longitudinal deviation between the embossing and the pattern in the rolling step. The device comprises a first feeding device, a second feeding device, the oppositely rolling rollers, a detecting device, and a tension controller disposed on the second feeding device. According to the long decorative material with the embossing in register with the pattern manufactured by the method, the embossing hot-rolled on the transparent plastic layer is in register with the pattern on the printed plastic layer. The method, device and the long decorative material with the embossing in register with the pattern processed thereby can implement the embossing on the transparent plastic layer in register with the pattern on the printed plastic layer and have high production efficiency, low cost and less energy consumption.

Provided is a self-adhesive sheet including a 4-methyl-1-pentene-based polymer. In the self-adhesive sheet, it is preferable that at least one or more temperatures showing a local maximum value of a loss tangent (tan δ) , which is obtained by dynamic viscoelasticity measurement under conditions of a temperature rising rate of 4° C./min, a frequency of 1.59 Hz, and a strain amount of 0.1%, are present in a range of 10° C. or higher and 100° C. or lower, the local maximum value of the loss tangent is 0.5 or more and 3.5 or less, an arithmetic average roughness Ra on one surface of the self-adhesive sheet is in a range of 0.01 to 10 .Math.m, and a ten-point average roughness Rz is in a range of 0.1 to 50 .Math.m.

A fluororesin having a reactive functional group, wherein the difference between the loss elastic modulus at 270° C. of the fluororesin (G″.sub.270) and the loss elastic modulus at 280° C. of the fluororesin (G″.sub.280) (G″.sub.270-G″.sub.280) is 2,500 Pa or more. Also disclosed is a fluororesin layer containing the fluororesin; and a non-fluororesin layer containing a non-fluororesin.

Provided is a synthetic quartz glass substrate for use in a microfluidic device to which bonding by optical contact can be applied in manufacturing a microfluidic device, and which has high adhesion in a bonded interface and does not cause defects such as non-bonding and breakage of the substrate and a defect in which air bubbles are sandwiched at the bonded interface.

A synthetic quartz glass substrate for use in a microfluidic device, wherein a maximum value of a cyclic average power spectral density at a spatial frequency of 0.4 mm.sup.−1 or more and 100 mm.sup.−1 or less is 5.0×10.sup.15 nm.sup.4 or less, the maximum value being obtained by measuring any given region of 6.0 mm×6.0 mm on a surface of the synthetic quartz glass substrate with a white interferometer.

An at least three-layer biaxially oriented polyester film is provided that includes a layer B, a rough outer layer A and a smooth outer layer C, with the outer layers A and C each being external layers arranged on the opposite surfaces of the base layer B. The outer layer A includes polymethylsilsesquioxane-based particles, the outer layer C includes less than 0.1% by weight of particles different from the polymethylsilsesquioxane-based particles. The polyester film contains no 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic-acid-derived units as repeat unit, and the film includes less than 0.1% by weight of particles. The polyesters in the outer layers comprise isophthalic acid-derived repeat units in an amount of <19% by weight. The invention further relates to a process for to produce the film and to its use as process film for the transfer of surface properties, especially for furniture surfaces.

A method of making a concrete panel board is provided. The method includes the steps of: (a) providing a substrate; (b) applying a primer layer to the substrate; (c) drying the board after step b; (d) applying a thinset mortar layer to the primer layer; (e) drying the board after step d; (f) applying a plaster layer to the thinset mortar layer; (g) drying the board after step f; and (h) applying a sealant layer to the plaster layer.