A hydrogel comprising a colloidal suspension of M.sup.I.sub.XM.sup.II.sub.YP.sub.Z two-dimensional nanocrystals in water, wherein M.sup.I is Na.sup.+ and/or Li.sup.+, M.sup.II is Mg.sup.2+ or a mixture of Mg.sup.2+ with one or more Ni.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, Cu.sup.2+, Fe.sup.2+ and/or Mn.sup.2+, P is a mixture of dibasic phosphate ions (HPO.sub.4.sup.2−) and tribasic phosphate ions (PO.sub.4.sup.3−). X ranges from about 0.43 to about 0.63, Y ranges from about 0.10 to about 0.18, Z ranges from about 0.29 to about 0.48, X, Y, Z being mole fractions, is provided.

Use of a compound having the formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention or treatment of a disease caused by oral bacteria in an animal wherein R1 is a straight or branched alkyl group containing 8 to 16 carbon atoms at the 2- or 3-position of the morpholino ring, and R2 is a straight or branched alkyl group containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms, substituted with a hydroxy group except in the alpha-position, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. A cosmetic method of preventing or decreasing oral staining in an animal, comprising the step of exposing the oral cavity to a morpholino compound of general. ##STR00001##

Use of a compound having the formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention or treatment of a disease caused by oral bacteria in an animal wherein R1 is a straight or branched alkyl group containing 8 to 16 carbon atoms at the 2- or 3-position of the morpholino ring, and R2 is a straight or branched alkyl group containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms, substituted with a hydroxy group except in the alpha-position, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. A cosmetic method of preventing or decreasing oral staining in an animal, comprising the step of exposing the oral cavity to a morpholino compound of general. ##STR00001##

The present specification discloses pharmaceutical compositions, methods of preparing such pharmaceutical compositions, and methods and uses of treating a chronic inflammation and/or an inflammatory disease in an individual using such pharmaceutical compositions.

The present invention describes a method of killing or inactivating microorganisms, the method comprising the steps of contacting the microorganisms with a composition comprising an extract of Polygonum cuspidatum and an excipient; and irradiating the microorganisms with a source of light; wherein the radiant exposure of the light is between 1 and 300 J cm.sup.−2, and the surface power density of the light is between 0.001 and 0.25 W cm.sup.−2.

The present invention provides for compounds of formula (I)

##STR00001## wherein A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, A.sup.4, X.sup.1, X.sup.2, Y.sup.1, L.sup.1, G.sup.1, R.sup.x, and R.sup.y have any of the values defined thereof in the specification, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, that are useful as agents in the treatment of diseases and conditions, including inflammatory diseases, cancer, and AIDS. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more compounds of formula (I).

The present disclosure relates to compounds that are Syk inhibitors or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or co-crystals thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and to their use in the treatment of various disease states, including cancer and inflammatory conditions. In particular embodiments, a Syk inhibitor is a crystalline monomesylate salt of 6-(6-aminopyrazin-2-yl)-N-(4-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)imidazo-[1,2-a]pyrazin-8-amine of formula 2:

##STR00001##

A use of GLP-2 and a long-acting conjugate thereof for preventing or treating mucositis induced by radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination thereof is disclosed. The GLP-2, the long-acting conjugate thereof, or the composition including the same may be applied to preparation, treatment, and amelioration of mucositis induced by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy.

Plasma kallikrein binding proteins and methods of using such proteins are described.

The present invention relates to prodrugs of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), pharmaceutical compositions comprising such CNP prodrugs and their uses. In an embodiment, the CNP prodrugs are conjugates of CNP peptides to poly(ethylene glycol) through a reversible linker.