Provided is a method of preventing or treating gastroesophageal reflux disease, including administering to an subject in need thereof a composition including a plurality of fibers formed of β-1-4-glucan, wherein the fibers have a diameter between 15 nm and 35 nm and a mean length of between 1.5 μm and 3.5 μm.

Described herein are pyrrolo{2,3-d}pyrimidine derivatives, their use as Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors, and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Methods for treating, selecting a treatment, and monitoring a treatment for an inflammatory bowel disease in a patient in need are disclosed. Treatments include administering an antifungal compound. The method for selecting and monitoring a treatment includes detecting a biomarker indicative of an amount of the fungus Debaryomyces hansenii within the sample. The treatment is administered if the biomarker is above a threshold level and the biomarker may be monitored before and during treatment. Biomarkers include abundance of fungal DNA in the patient's gut microbiota and anti-fungal antibodies in the blood of the patient.

Methods for treating, selecting a treatment, and monitoring a treatment for an inflammatory bowel disease in a patient in need are disclosed. Treatments include administering an antifungal compound. The method for selecting and monitoring a treatment includes detecting a biomarker indicative of an amount of the fungus Debaryomyces hansenii within the sample. The treatment is administered if the biomarker is above a threshold level and the biomarker may be monitored before and during treatment. Biomarkers include abundance of fungal DNA in the patient's gut microbiota and anti-fungal antibodies in the blood of the patient.

The present disclosure relates to processes for preparing (3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-(3H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrrolo[2,3-e]pyrazin-8-yl)-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrrolidine carboxamide, solid state forms thereof, and corresponding pharmaceutical compositions, methods of treatment (including treatment of rheumatoid arthritis), kits, methods of synthesis, and products-by-process.

Provided are cells containing exogenous antigen and uses thereof.

S100A8-inhibiting peptides include (A) a peptide of 5 to 10 residues in length containing a fifth alanine (Ala) from an N-terminus in an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, or (B) a peptide consisting of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.

Methods of treating anti-inflammatory conditions through the use of boron-containing small molecules are disclosed.

Clonal strains of vaccinia viruses are provided. Also provided are methods of identifying and isolating attenuated and oncolytic clonal strains from virus preparations. Modified recombinant forms of the clonal strains also are provided. The clonal strains and virus preparations can be used for diagnostic and therapeutic methods, in particular for therapy and diagnosis or monitoring treatment of proliferative disorders, including neoplastic diseases, such as, but are not limited to, solid tumors and blood cancers.

The present invention provides pharmaceutically active pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl and pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridinyl acrylamides and analogues thereof. Such compounds are useful for inhibiting Janus Kinase (JAK). This invention also is directed to compositions comprising methods for making such compounds, and methods for treating and preventing conditions mediated by JAK.