An earplug (1) for administering a fluid agent into an ear canal is provided. The earplug (1) comprises a first part (10) adapted for insertion in the ear canal. The first part comprises an elongated member (11) having a chamber (12) for containing the fluid agent, the chamber (12) having at least one outlet (13) at a proximal end (14) of the elongated member (11); and a malleable member (17) disposed laterally of the elongated member (11). The earplug (1) further comprises a second part (20) comprising a piston (21). The piston (21) has a first end (22) which is insertable in the elongated member (11), and a second end (23) which has a push member (24). The piston (21) is displaceable from a first position (A) distally of the chamber (12) to a second position (B) within the chamber (12), such that the fluid agent is injected from the chamber (12) through the outlet (13) into the ear canal.

The disclosures herein relate to novel compounds of formula ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 and n are defined herein, and their use in treating, preventing, ameliorating, controlling or reducing the risk of inflammation, neurological or psychiatric disorders associated with modulating mGlu5 receptor function.

The invention relates to the chemistry of organic compounds, pharmacology and medicine and concerns therapy for obesity, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, as well as a number of other diseases associated with the activity of cathepsin S, cannabinoid receptors type 1, tachykinin receptors type 1 and 2, prokineticin receptors type 1 and 2, bradykinin receptors type 1, melanocortin receptors MC4R, serotonin receptors 5-HT2B and NB-kB signaling pathway, by using benzyl (2S)-2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-3-phenylpropanoate compound. ##STR00001## The compound and pharmaceutically acceptable adducts, hydrates and solvates thereof are a cathepsin S inhibitor, cannabinoid receptor type 1 agonist, tachykinin receptor type 1 and 2 antagonist, prokineticin receptor type 1 and 2 antagonist, bradykinin receptor type 1 antagonist, melanocortin receptor MC4R antagonist, serotonin receptor 5-HT2B antagonist, and NB-kB signaling pathway inhibitor. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to the invention.

Provided is a superior, novel heterocyclic compound with improved solubility in oil such as sesame oil and benzyl benzoate, which has a broader treatment spectrum, causes less side effects, and is superior in tolerability and safety, and use thereof. A heterocyclic compound represented by the formula (I) wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, or a salt thereof.

##STR00001##

Amisulpride is useful in the treatment of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting in a patient, wherein the patient has already been administered a prophylaxis drug for postoperative nausea and/or vomiting, and wherein the dose of amisulpride is 7.5 to 15 mg.

Amisulpride is useful in the treatment of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting in a patient, wherein the patient has already been administered a prophylaxis drug for postoperative nausea and/or vomiting, and wherein the dose of amisulpride is 7.5 to 15 mg.

There is disclosed herein a composition for treating gastrointestinal or neurological disorders, constipation, functional constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulitis, travelers diarrhoea, chronic idiopathic nausea, IBD-associated constipation and diarrhoea, pseudo-obstruction, diabetic gastroparesis, cyclic vomiting, reflux esophagitis, autism enteropathy, flatulence, halitosis, chronic fatigue, bloating, proctalgia fugax, Parkinson's disease, MS, Alzheimer's Disease, Motor Neuron Disease or autism, the composition comprising: (i) at least two anti-clostridial agents selected from the group consisting of: vancomycin, vancomycin derivatives, a multi-valent polymer of vancomycin, aminoglycosides, nitroimidazoles, ansamysins, nifuroxazide, colchicine, prucalopride, prokinetic agent and 5-aminosalicylic acid; or (ii) at least one anti-clostridial agent selected from the above combined with an opioid blocking agent. There is also disclosed herein a method of treating various gastrointestinal or neurological disorders, constipation, functional constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulitis, travelers diarrhoea, chronic idiopathic nausea, IBD-associated constipation and diarrhoea, pseudo-obstruction, diabetic gastroparesis, cyclic vomiting, reflux oesophagitis, autism enteropathy, flatulence, halitosis, chronic fatigue, bloating, proctalgia fugax, Parkinson's disease, MS, Alzheimer's Disease, Motor Neuron Disease or autism, the method comprising administering orally, via enema or by suppository: (i) a composition of the invention; (ii) at least two anti-clostridial agents selected from the group consisting of: vancomycin, vancomycin derivatives, a multi-valent polymer of vancomycin, aminoglycosides, nitroimidazoles, ansamysins, nifuroxazide, colchicine, prucalopride, prokinetic agent and 5-aminosalicylic acid; or (iii) at least one anti-clostridial agent selected from the above and an opioid blocking agent to a patient in need of such treatment.

The present invention belongs to the field of medicine, and relates to a compound

##STR00001##

of Formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for using as a MAGL inhibitor, as well as a preparation method and use thereof, and an intermediate for preparing the same.

The present invention relates to a medicament for treating or preventing a disease related to orexin receptor, especially orexin type 2 receptor, comprising a new compound having a urea structure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient. In more detail, the present invention relates to a medicament for treating or preventing narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, hypersomnia, sleep apnea syndrome, etc.

The present disclosure provides for palonosetron formulations, such as aerosol formulations of palonosetron for pulmonary delivery. Also provided are uses of the formulation, such as reduction, elimination or prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery. Also provided are novel methods to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), radiation-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV), and post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) using the inhalation formulations.