An oxidative stress inhibitor 100 of the present invention contains silicon particles capable of generating hydrogen. In a preferred aspect of the oxidative stress inhibitor 100, the following effects (a) and/or (b) can be exhibited. (a) The total amount of generation (total amount of production) is increased. (b) The amount of generation of hydrogen per unit time (i.e. rate of generation of hydrogen), particularly the rate of generation of hydrogen in the initial stage is increased.

An oxidative stress inhibitor 100 of the present invention contains silicon particles capable of generating hydrogen. In a preferred aspect of the oxidative stress inhibitor 100, the following effects (a) and/or (b) can be exhibited. (a) The total amount of generation (total amount of production) is increased. (b) The amount of generation of hydrogen per unit time (i.e. rate of generation of hydrogen), particularly the rate of generation of hydrogen in the initial stage is increased.

The present disclosure provides GIP receptor agonist peptide compounds suitable for once per week dosing (QW), said peptide compounds having an activating action on GIP receptors and use of the GIP receptor agonist peptide as a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of emesis, or a symptom or condition associated with emesis. Specifically, a GIP receptor agonist peptide containing a sequence represented by any of the formulas (I)-(V) or a salt thereof, and a medicament comprising the same are provided.

The present invention relates to methods and pharmaceutical compositions for treatment of all symptoms of gastroparesis in a human patient, the method comprising administering to the human patient between about 0.5 mg/day to about 30 mg/day, about 0.5 mg/day to about 15 mg/day, about 0.5 mg/day to about 5 mg/day, or about 5 mg/day, of velusetrag or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.

The present invention relates to methods and pharmaceutical compositions for treatment of all symptoms of gastroparesis in a human patient, the method comprising administering to the human patient between about 0.5 mg/day to about 30 mg/day, about 0.5 mg/day to about 15 mg/day, about 0.5 mg/day to about 5 mg/day, or about 5 mg/day, of velusetrag or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.

Described herein are compounds of Formula I: ##STR00001##
and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, X.sup.1, Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Y.sup.3, Y.sup.4 and Y.sup.5 are defined herein; their use as MC4R antagonists; pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and salts; the use of such compounds and salts to treat, for example, cachexia, anorexia, or anorexia nervosa; and intermediates and processes for preparing such compounds and salts.

Described herein are compounds of Formula I: ##STR00001##
and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, X.sup.1, Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Y.sup.3, Y.sup.4 and Y.sup.5 are defined herein; their use as MC4R antagonists; pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and salts; the use of such compounds and salts to treat, for example, cachexia, anorexia, or anorexia nervosa; and intermediates and processes for preparing such compounds and salts.

Limit size lipid nanoparticles, methods for using the lipid nanoparticles, and methods and systems for making limit size lipid nanoparticles.

Amisulpride is used in the therapy of nausea, vomiting or retches. The therapy may utilize a novel injectable formulation, in unit dosage form, comprising less than 50 mg amisulpride.

Aerosol formulations of granisetron useful for pulmonary delivery are provided. The formulations are useful in the reduction, elimination or prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. Also provided are novel methods to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), radiation-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV), and post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) using the inhalation formulations.