The present invention aims to provide a compound that may be useful for the prophylaxis or treatment of constipation and the like. The present invention provides a compound represented by the following formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein each symbol is as described in the specification, or a salt thereof.

The present invention aims to provide a compound that may be useful for the prophylaxis or treatment of constipation and the like. The present invention provides a compound represented by the following formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein each symbol is as described in the specification, or a salt thereof.

Ammonia oxidizing microorganism preparations for delivery to the gastrointestinal system, kits including ammonia oxidizing preparations for delivery to the gastrointestinal system, and devices for administering ammonia oxidizing preparations to the gastrointestinal system are provided. Methods of introducing ammonia oxidizing microorganisms to the gastrointestinal system are provided. Methods of treating disorders, including gastrointestinal disorders and inflammatory disorders, with ammonia oxidizing microorganism preparations are provided.

The present invention is directed to spirocyclic compounds which are inhibitors of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), particularly isoform 1 (TPH1), that are useful in the treatment of diseases or disorders associated with peripheral serotonin including, for example, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, inflammatory, metabolic, and low bone mass diseases, as well as serotonin syndrome, and cancer.

Riboflavin can have a beneficial effect in supporting bowel health in healthy people. Specifically it can relieve diarrhea or constipation, regulate bowel movement frequency, and regulating bowel movement urgency. The dosage brings the daily intake of riboflavin (consumed by diet and by supplement) above the RDA.

Riboflavin can have a beneficial effect in supporting bowel health in healthy people. Specifically it can relieve diarrhea or constipation, regulate bowel movement frequency, and regulating bowel movement urgency. The dosage brings the daily intake of riboflavin (consumed by diet and by supplement) above the RDA.

Provided herein are methods of treating or ameliorating a pediatric cholestatic liver disease by non-systemically administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a pediatric formulation comprising an Apical Sodium-dependent Bile Acid Transporter Inhibitor (ASBTI) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Also provided are methods for treating or ameliorating a pediatric liver disease, decreasing the levels of serum bile acids or hepatic bile acids, treating or ameliorating pruritis, reducing liver enzymes, or reducing bilirubin comprising non-systemically administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a pediatric formulation comprising an ASBTI or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Provided herein are compounds that activate CFTR and methods for treating constipation, dry eye disorders, and other diseases and disorders.

Provided herein are compounds that activate CFTR and methods for treating constipation, dry eye disorders, and other diseases and disorders.

The present invention relates to a probiotics composition containing: lactic acid bacteria powder comprising lactic acid bacteria selected from the group consisting of Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus; a mushroom extract; and a fructooligosaccharide.