Provided herein is a bulk composition comprising the trihydrate form of (3S, 4R, 3′R)-6-[4-(4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxy-benzoylamino)-3-methoxy-piperidin-1-yl]-hexanoic acid 1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3′-yl ester di-hydrochloride salt. Provided are also pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms comprising the trihydrate form, and methods and uses for treating a gastrointestinal disorder in a subject with the trihydrate form. In some embodiments, the gastrointestinal disorder is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), dyspepsia (such as functional dyspepsia or functional motility disorder), gastroparesis, paralytic ileus, post-operative ileus, emesis, nausea, heartburn, intestinal pseudo-obstruction, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), constipation, enteral feeding intolerance (EFI), or esophagitis. In some embodiments, the gastrointestinal disorder is post-operative ileus, chronic grass sickness, constipation, megacolon, gastritis, gastrointestinal stasis, or abomasal emptying defect.

Provided herein are methods of treating or ameliorating a pediatric cholestatic liver disease by non-systemically administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a pediatric formulation comprising an Apical Sodium-dependent Bile Acid Transporter Inhibitor (ASBTI) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Also provided are methods for treating or ameliorating a pediatric liver disease, decreasing the levels of serum bile acids or hepatic bile acids, treating or ameliorating pruritis, reducing liver enzymes, or reducing bilirubin comprising non-systemically administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a pediatric formulation comprising an ASBTI or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The present disclosure is directed to disclosed compounds that increase cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activity as measured in human bronchial epithelial (hBE) cells.

The present invention relates to a medicament for treating various nervous system diseases or psychiatric diseases, comprising a compound of formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient, wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, etc., R.sup.2 is halogen, etc., R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 are hydrogen, etc.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a diaminopyrimidine derivative or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a process for the preparation thereof, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, and a use thereof. The diaminopyrimidine derivative or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt functions as a 5-HT.sub.4 receptor agonist, and therefore can be usefully applied for preventing or treating dysfunction in gastrointestinal motility, one of the gastrointestinal diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), constipation, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), dyspepsia, post-operative ileus, delayed gastric emptying, gastroparesis, intestinal pseudo-obstruction, drug-induced delayed transit, or diabetic gastric atony.

The proposed compositions and methods for preparation thereof relate to pharmacology, medicine, veterinary science and pharmaceutical industry. The compositions can be used for preparing infusion solutions of antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) preparations increasing therapeutic efficiency thereof. The compositions include nanostructured colloidal silica and are efficient when treating overwhelming sepsis of tested animals. The pharmaceutical compositions have a proven and significant clinically important potentiating impact on therapeutic efficiency of the infusion solution, when treating inflammatory diseases, in comparison with traditional solvents.

Disclosed herein are methods of preventing, treating, and delaying the onset or progression of diseases associated with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), fibrosis, and liver cancer, using ammonia-lowering therapies.

Compositions and related methods for treating IBS and other gastrointestinal disorders and conditions (e.g., gastrointestinal motility disorders, functional gastrointestinal disorders, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), duodenogastric reflux, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, functional heartburn, dyspepsia (including functional dyspepsia or nonulcer dyspepsia), gastroparesis, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (or colonic pseudoobstruction), and disorders and conditions associated with constipation, e.g., constipation associated with use of opiate pain killers, post-surgical constipation, and constipation associated with neuropathic disorders as well as other conditions and disorders are described. The compositions feature peptides that activate the guanylate cyclase C (GC-C) receptor.

The disclosures herein relate to novel compounds of formula ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 and n are defined herein, and their use in treating, preventing, ameliorating, controlling or reducing the risk of inflammation, neurological or psychiatric disorders associated with modulating mGlu5 receptor function.

The present invention provides triazole macrocyclic compounds useful as therapeutic agents. More particularly, these compounds are useful as anti-infective, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and prokinetic agents. These compounds are represented by the following formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, etc. are defined as in claim 1.