Provided herein are compounds of the Formula I: ##STR00001##
or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein A, B, X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, Ring D, E, R.sup.a, R.sup.b, n and m have the meanings given in the specification, which are inhibitors of RET kinase and are useful in the treatment and prevention of diseases which can be treated with a RET kinase inhibitor, including RET-associated diseases and disorders.

Disclosed are a deoxycholic acid compound and a pharmaceutical composition thereof, and use thereof in the preparation of drugs for treating liver diseases. The structure of the deoxycholic acid compound is as shown by Formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds have significantly liver-targeting characteristics, and the compounds reduce the drug concentration in the circulatory system while improving the efficacy, thereby reducing the toxic side effects.

##STR00001##

In one aspect, a formulation comprising (a) an antibody that specifically binds an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) or a molecule produced by an ETEC and (b) an antibody that specifically binds a norovirus (NV) or epitope thereof, is provided. In another aspect, a method of treating or preventing Travelers' diarrhea using the formulation is provided.

Provided herein are azo prodrugs of small-molecule isoindoline-1,3-diones and isoindoles anti-inflammatory inhibitors according to formula IA, in particular PDE4 inhibitors, which prodrugs can be administered orally to a subject in need thereof, whereby the prodrugs are cleaved in the colon and the PDE4 inhibitor released. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to an animal feed or an animal feed additive comprising Bacillus strains which improve the health and performance of production animals, and the use of such.

Methods of and compositions for producing and using plant-based materials are provided. The methods include using biopolymers or their synthetic equivalents combined with a stable source of reactive oxygen species that when applied to or combined with a separate source of oxido-reducing enzyme or catalyst will cause the formation of an activated biopolymer with increased protein binding affinity and microbial control activities.

Methods of and compositions for producing and using plant-based materials are provided. The methods include using biopolymers or their synthetic equivalents combined with a stable source of reactive oxygen species that when applied to or combined with a separate source of oxido-reducing enzyme or catalyst will cause the formation of an activated biopolymer with increased protein binding affinity and microbial control activities.

Oral pharmaceutical compositions containing rifamycin SV, or a pharmaceutically salt thereof, characterized in that they are formulated in a higher strength (about 600 mg/tablet) and in such a manner to obtain a modified profile of the rifamycin SV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the proximal portion of the intestine, i.e. in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum). In one embodiment, the disclosed oral pharmaceutical compositions are used in the prevention and/or treatment in a subject of small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and/or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and/or in the treatment of cholera. In one embodiment, the disclosed oral pharmaceutical compositions are used in the prevention and/or treatment in a subject of hepatic encephalopathy, hepatic cirrhosis, pouchitis and/or spontaneous bacterial perotinitis. In one embodiment, the disclosed oral pharmaceutical compositions are used in the prevention and/or treatment in a subject of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Oral pharmaceutical compositions containing rifamycin SV, or a pharmaceutically salt thereof, characterized in that they are formulated in a higher strength (about 600 mg/tablet) and in such a manner to obtain a modified profile of the rifamycin SV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the proximal portion of the intestine, i.e. in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum). In one embodiment, the disclosed oral pharmaceutical compositions are used in the prevention and/or treatment in a subject of small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and/or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and/or in the treatment of cholera. In one embodiment, the disclosed oral pharmaceutical compositions are used in the prevention and/or treatment in a subject of hepatic encephalopathy, hepatic cirrhosis, pouchitis and/or spontaneous bacterial perotinitis. In one embodiment, the disclosed oral pharmaceutical compositions are used in the prevention and/or treatment in a subject of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Methods for treating radiation or chemical injury are described that comprise administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of adherent stromal cells. Methods of preparing adherent stromal cells and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the cells are also described.