The invention relates to a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) for use in, a synthetic composition comprising an HMO for use in, and a method for prophylactically reducing gastrointestinal IBS symptom severity and/or symptom occurrence in a lac-tose-intolerant, IBS patient; reintroducing a source of lactose into the diet of a lactose-intolerant, IBS patient while prophylactically reducing gastrointestinal IBS symptom severity and/or symptom occurrence in the IBS patient; and/or reducing the severity and/or occurrence of non-gastrointestinal symptoms in a lactose-intolerant, IBS patient.

The invention relates to a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) for use in, a synthetic composition comprising an HMO for use in, and a method for prophylactically reducing gastrointestinal IBS symptom severity and/or symptom occurrence in a lac-tose-intolerant, IBS patient; reintroducing a source of lactose into the diet of a lactose-intolerant, IBS patient while prophylactically reducing gastrointestinal IBS symptom severity and/or symptom occurrence in the IBS patient; and/or reducing the severity and/or occurrence of non-gastrointestinal symptoms in a lactose-intolerant, IBS patient.

In a delayed release formulation comprising a core containing a drug and a delayed release coating for providing intestinal release, release of the drug in the colon is accelerated by including an isolation layer between the core and the delayed release coating. The delayed release coating comprises an inner layer and an outer layer. The outer layer comprises a pH dependently soluble polymeric material which has a pH threshold at about pH 5 or above. The inner layer comprises a soluble polymeric material which is soluble in intestinal fluid or gastrointestinal fluid, said soluble polymeric material being selected from the group consisting of a polycarboxylic acid polymer that is at least partially neutralised, and a non-ionic polymer, provided that, where said soluble polymeric material is a non-ionic polymer, said inner layer comprises at least one additive selected from a buffer agent and a base.

The invention relates to methods of using variants of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) for treating primary biliary cirrhosis.

Oral pharmaceutical compositions containing rifamycin SV, or a pharmaceutically salt thereof, characterized in that they are formulated in a higher strength (about 600 mg/tablet) and in such a manner to obtain a modified profile of the rifamycin SV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the proximal portion of the intestine, i.e. in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum). In one embodiment, the disclosed oral pharmaceutical compositions are used in the prevention and/or treatment in a subject of small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and/or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and/or in the treatment of cholera. In one embodiment, the disclosed oral pharmaceutical compositions are used in the prevention and/or treatment in a subject of hepatic encephalopathy, hepatic cirrhosis, pouchitis and/or spontaneous bacterial perotinitis. In one embodiment, the disclosed oral pharmaceutical compositions are used in the prevention and/or treatment in a subject of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Oral pharmaceutical compositions containing rifamycin SV, or a pharmaceutically salt thereof, characterized in that they are formulated in a higher strength (about 600 mg/tablet) and in such a manner to obtain a modified profile of the rifamycin SV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the proximal portion of the intestine, i.e. in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum). In one embodiment, the disclosed oral pharmaceutical compositions are used in the prevention and/or treatment in a subject of small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and/or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and/or in the treatment of cholera. In one embodiment, the disclosed oral pharmaceutical compositions are used in the prevention and/or treatment in a subject of hepatic encephalopathy, hepatic cirrhosis, pouchitis and/or spontaneous bacterial perotinitis. In one embodiment, the disclosed oral pharmaceutical compositions are used in the prevention and/or treatment in a subject of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

The present invention relates to methods of treating immune disorders and/or inflammation using certain modulator compounds. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating an immune and inflammatory disorders disorder by administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective dosage of an ascaroside compound, or a mixture of ascaroside compounds, or a mixture containing at least one ascaroside.

A pharmaceutical composition comprising: a) an effective amount of an Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins (IAP) inhibitor, wherein the IAP inhibitor is represented by formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the definitions of each variable are provided herein; b) an effective amount of a second inhibitor, wherein the second inhibitor is a poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor or a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.

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Provided are therapeutic compositions containing Ecobiotic™ populations for prevention, treatment and reduction of symptoms associated with a dysbiosis of a mammalian subject such as a human.

The invention relates to variants and fusions of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), variants and fusions of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), fusions of FGF19 and/or FGF21, and variants or fusions of FGF19 and/or FGF21 proteins and peptide sequences (and peptidomimetics), having one or more activities, such as bile acid homeostasis modulating activity, and methods for and uses in treatment of bile acid and other disorders.