Provided herein are compounds that modulate the activity of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compositions comprising the compounds.

The present invention relates to the field of prebiotics. Provided are uses for compositions comprising synergistically effective amounts of polyfructose and galactooligosaccharides (GOS).

The present invention provides a novel chromone oxime derivative of formula (I), which is a modulator of nervous system receptors sensitive to glutamate and, furthermore, presents an advantageously high brain penetration upon oral administration. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing this compound, and to its use for the treatment or prevention of conditions associated with altered glutamatergic signalling and/or functions, or conditions which can be affected by alteration of glutamate level or signalling, particularly acute and chronic neurological and/or psychiatric disorders.

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Multivitamins and multi-mineral supplements are widely used as a remedy for lack of proper nutrition. However, they tend to be scarcely assimilated, and more and more scientific reports claim that they are relatively useless if not harmful. This invention is an answer to this problem, as it provides a novel product, based on the nutritional bounty of cyanobacterial blue-green algae, and reinforced by foods and herbal extracts rich in one or more of the vitamins or minerals missing or scarce in the cyanobacterial blue-green algae. The result is a multivitamin and multi-mineral supplement that is completely organic and, being from alimentary and herbal sources that are recognized as foods by our organism, are much better assimilated. This invention provides an optimal solution to the conundrum we face today: the standard contemporary diet does not provide enough nutrition, with negative consequences on our health; but the inorganic and synthetic supplements we consume are not really foods, and so are ineffective. The product we have invented is an effective and innovative answer to this problem.

Multivitamins and multi-mineral supplements are widely used as a remedy for lack of proper nutrition. However, they tend to be scarcely assimilated, and more and more scientific reports claim that they are relatively useless if not harmful. This invention is an answer to this problem, as it provides a novel product, based on the nutritional bounty of cyanobacterial blue-green algae, and reinforced by foods and herbal extracts rich in one or more of the vitamins or minerals missing or scarce in the cyanobacterial blue-green algae. The result is a multivitamin and multi-mineral supplement that is completely organic and, being from alimentary and herbal sources that are recognized as foods by our organism, are much better assimilated. This invention provides an optimal solution to the conundrum we face today: the standard contemporary diet does not provide enough nutrition, with negative consequences on our health; but the inorganic and synthetic supplements we consume are not really foods, and so are ineffective. The product we have invented is an effective and innovative answer to this problem.

The present invention relates to a combination nutrient supplement directed to the remuneration of nutritional deficiencies and biochemical imbalances, directly or indirectly, related to the use of exogenous hormones. The unique nutritional supplement that is the present invention is directed toward supporting the unique deficiencies of women taking exogenous hormones (e.g. hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement) which supplant an identified subset of depleted and essential vitamins and minerals deficient in those women taking exogenous hormones which are vital to providing for a woman's health, wellness and overall homeostatic state.

Methods and compounds are disclosed for wound healing by modulating autophagy. A formulation for modulating autophagy comprises a first modulating compound (FAM) selected from compounds having the general structure (I):

##STR00001## wherein: L represents a linker selected from CC, (a tolan), CHCH (a stilbene, preferably trans); or CR.sub.aCR.sub.b a stilbene derivative; where R.sub.a and R.sub.b are independently H or phenyl optionally substituted with (R.sup.3).sub.p or (R.sup.4).sub.q; R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are independent substituents at any available position of the phenyl rings, preferably at 3, 3, 4, 4, and/or 5, 5; and m, n, p, and q are independently 0, 1, 2, or 3 representing the number of substituents of the rings, respectively, but at least one of m or n must be 1. Each R.sup.1 to R.sup.2 is independently selected from substituents described herein, including but not limited to hydroxyl, alkoxy, halo, halomethyl and glycosides. The formulation may also include an auxiliary autophagy modulating compound (AAM) as described herein. The formulation may include a hydrogel formed by the compounds themselves or otherwise and may include salts and/or complexes.

The invention provides novel regimens for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders utilising methylthioninium (MT)-containing compounds. The regimens are based on novel findings in relation to the dosage of MT compounds, and their interaction with symptomatic treatments based on modulation of acetylcholinesterase levels.

Ammonia oxidizing microorganism preparations for delivery to the intranasal system, kits including ammonia oxidizing preparations for delivery to the intranasal system, and devices for administering ammonia oxidizing preparations to the intranasal system are provided. Methods of introducing ammonia oxidizing microorganisms to the intranasal system are provided. Methods of treating disorders, including neurological disorders, nasal or sinus disorders, and inflammatory disorders, with ammonia oxidizing microorganism preparations are provided.

The present invention describes a method for providing creatine to an animal, which includes receiving a creatine ester by the animal. The creatine ester is suitable for being modified by the animal to form creatine.