Compositions and methods relating to epitopes of sclerostin protein, and sclerostin binding agents, such as antibodies capable of binding to sclerostin, are provided.

Disclosed herein are polymorphic and amorphous forms of anhydrate, hydrate, and solvates of (R)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(2,4,5-trimethyl-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dienyl)butanamide and methods of using such compositions for treating or suppressing oxidative stress disorders, including mitochondrial disorders, impaired energy processing disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and diseases of aging. Further disclosed are methods of making such polymorphic and amorphous forms.

Provided herein are antigenic molecules that can be used to generate antibodies capable of binding to a vitamin D derivative, such as 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and/or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, or a 25-hydroxyvitamin D analog, such as a vitamin D-C22 immunogenic molecule or compound. Antibodies produced using these antigenic molecules, and related antigenic compounds, are also described. In addition, disclosed herein are methods for detecting vitamin D deficiency in a subject, methods for treating a subject suspected of having a vitamin D deficiency, methods for monitoring progression of vitamin D deficiency in a subject, and methods for monitoring treatment of vitamin D deficiency in a subject in need thereof. The methods involve the detection or quantification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3. Also provided are methods and reagents for the detection or quantification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3, methods for stabilizing vitamin D analogs, and methods for separating 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 from vitamin D binding protein in a biological sample.

The present invention relates to extracted plant lipid, comprising fatty acids in an esterified form.

A stabilized 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.sub.2 composition which is particularly well suited for pharmaceutical formulations, pharmaceutical formulations of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.sub.2 composition, and a method of making the purified composition by purifying a crude 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.sub.2 from acetone/water, are disclosed.

The invention pertains to the use of therapeutically effective amounts of (a) (i) vitamin C and/or selenium and (ii) at least one of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6; DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5; EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5; DPA), or esters thereof; or (b) (i) vitamin C and/or selenium and (iii) one or more of uridine and cytidine, or salts, phosphates, acyl derivatives or esters thereof; or (c) a combination of (i), (ii) and (iii); wherein (a), (b) or (c) optionally further comprises vitamin E, in the manufacture of a product for therapeutically improving synaptic connectivity and/or therapeutically supporting memory and/or cognitive function in a human subject in need thereof

Nutritional formulas comprising long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are provided, along with methods and devices for preparing and/or administering nutritional formulas. In some embodiments, a percentage of the LC-PUFAs in the nutritional formula are in the form of monogiycerides and/or free fatty acids. In some embodiments, the nutritional formulas do not comprise added lipase. Also provided are methods for providing nutrition to a subject, methods for improving fat absorption, methods for improving cognitive ability, methods for preventing chronic lung disease, and methods for reducing the length of time a patient requires total parenteral nutrition.

The present invention relates to compositions and kits including a chemical uncoupler, such as tyrphostin 9 or precursor or a salt thereof, and compositions including a chemical uncoupler, such as tyrphostin 9 in combination with one or more therapeutic agents, for example, L-carnitine, which are useful, for example, in treating obesity, preventing weight gain, promoting weight loss/slimming, and/or treating or preventing the development of diabetes.

Methods and compositions for treating 25-hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in a patient are described herein. The method includes orally administering to the patient a delayed, sustained release formulation including a first ingredient selected from the group consisting of 25-hydroxyvitamin D.sub.2, 25-hydroxyvitamin D.sub.3, or a combination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D.sub.2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D.sub.3, or it includes gradually administering to the patient a sterile intravenous formulation including a first ingredient selected from the group consisting of 25-hydroxyvitamin D.sub.2, 25-hydroxyvitamin D.sub.3, or a combination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D.sub.2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D.sub.3.

Provided herein are compounds that modulate the activity of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compositions comprising the compounds.