The rare non-dietary very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs) uniquely found in retina and a few other tissues play a clinically significant role in retinal degeneration and development, but their physiological and interventional research has been hampered by scarcity of pure VLC-PUFAs. Disclosed herein are methods of making fatty acids, including VLC-PUFAs, and methods of using these fatty acids in, for example, treating eye disorders and supplementing the diet of a female subject who is pregnant, desiring to become pregnant, or lactating. Also disclosed are compositions containing fatty acids and methods of making and using same. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

L-serine, L-serine precursors, L-serine derivatives and L-serine conjugates for treatment, amelioration and/or prevention of protein aggregation/tangles/plaques and diseases associated with protein aggregation/tangles/plaques. In particular, treatments and uses for L-serine, L-serine precursors, L-serine derivatives and L-serine conjugates include Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington disease (HD).

The present invention relates to a preterm human milk fortifier composition, more specifically to a preterm milk fortifier composition providing one or more specific nutrient in amounts that are missing in human milk of women who gave birth to a preterm infant. In particular the present invention relates to a fortifier composition designed for infants as a supplement to preterm human breast milk at the time the infant leaves the hospital (discharge) and after. The invention furthermore relates to the use of said preterm human milk fortifier composition.

The present invention relates to a preterm human milk fortifier composition, more specifically to a preterm milk fortifier composition providing one or more specific nutrient in amounts that are missing in human milk of women who gave birth to a preterm infant. In particular the present invention relates to a fortifier composition designed for infants as a supplement to preterm human breast milk at the time the infant leaves the hospital (discharge) and after. The invention furthermore relates to the use of said preterm human milk fortifier composition.

In one aspect, described herein is an intronic recognition element for splicing modifier (iREMS) that can be recognized by a compound provided herein. In another aspect, described herein are methods for modulating the amount of a product of a gene, wherein a precursor RNA transcript transcribed from the gene contains an intronic REMS, and the methods utilizing a compound described herein. More particularly, described herein are methods for modulating the amount of an RNA transcript or protein product encoded by a gene, wherein a precursor RNA transcript transcribed from the gene comprises an intronic REMS, and the methods utilizing a compound described herein. In another aspect, provided herein are artificial gene constructs comprising an intronic REMS, and uses of those artificial gene constructs to modulate protein production. In another aspect, provided herein are methods for altering endogenous genes to comprise an intronic REMS, and the use of a compound described herein to modulate protein produced from such altered endogenous genes.

Methods of normalizing amino acid metabolism in subjects on restricted protein diets and supplemental amino acids, using specially formulated amino acids that mimic the absorption and metabolism of naturally occurring proteins, are described.

Methods of normalizing amino acid metabolism in subjects on restricted protein diets and supplemental amino acids, using specially formulated amino acids that mimic the absorption and metabolism of naturally occurring proteins, are described.

A solid form formulation comprising chromium (sucrosomial chromium®) or copper (sucrosomial copper®) or a vitamin (sucrosomial vitamin®) and related composition, process for the preparation and method for treatment of a chromium deficiency and/or a change in the carbohydrate metabolism and/or a change in the muscle energy metabolism are described.

This disclosure features human milk permeates and compositions containing the same obtained from fractionated whole human milk. The oligosaccharide rich permeate and permeate compositions of the present invention are useful as nutritional supplements for pre-term and full term infants, for establishing or maintaining gut flora and for treating the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease.

Provided herein are methods of using human placental stem cells in the treatment of subjects having acute kidney injury (AKI).