The present invention concerns a nutritional composition, for example a synthetic nutritional composition, for use in reducing the metabolic stress. This composition is for use in mammals, preferably in humans, more preferably in infants. The nutritional composition comprises one or more medium chain fatty acid (MCFA) derivative or derivatives for use in reducing metabolic stress. Conditions and/or diseases associated to the metabolic disorders and/or imbalances in an infant are selected in the group consisting of neurological, growth and/or gut retarded development or abnormalities, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia. The infant is born preterm or with low-birthweight (LBW) or who experienced intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) or small for gestational age (SGA)).

Pediatric and modified release dosage forms of vitamin D compounds, and methods of making and using the dosage forms, are disclosed.

Provided is a method for producing an orotic acid derivative, the method comprising a condensation step of performing, under a basic condition, a condensation reaction between an orotic acid halide represented by General Formula (I) and a compound represented by General Formula (II) to generate an orotic acid derivative represented by General Formula (III); and a neutralization crystallization step of precipitating crystals of orotic acid by neutralization crystallization to separate a liquid containing the orotic acid derivative from the crystals of orotic acid, after the condensation step. In General Formula (I), (II), or (III), X is a halogen atom, and A is a group represented by General Formula (A-1) or (A-2). In General Formula (A-1) or (A-2), R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an organic group, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently an organic group. In a case where R.sup.1 is an organic group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.

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The invention provides recombinant host organisms (e.g., plants) genetically modified with a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthase system and one or more accessory proteins (e.g., PPTase and/or ACoAS) that allow for and/or improve the production of PUFAs in the host organism. The present invention also relates to methods of making and using such organisms (e.g., to obtain PUFAs) as well as products obtained from such organisms (e.g., oil and/or seed).

Provided are compositions comprising compounds or precursors to compounds which may be used for a variety of therapeutic applications including, for example, treating and/or preventing a disease or disorder related to reduced or inadequate mitochondrial activity, including aging or stress, diabetes, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases. The compounds relate generally to urolithins and precursors thereof, including but not limited to ellagitannins and urolithin A. In certain embodiments the compositions are presented in or as food products or nutritional supplements. These same compounds and compositions can also be used advantageously in generally healthy individuals to increase or maintain metabolic rate, decrease percent body fat, increase or maintain muscle mass, manage body weight, improve or maintain mental performance (including memory), improve or maintain muscle performance, improve or maintain mood, and manage stress.

The invention relates to a method for detecting contaminants of glucose polymers, said contaminants being capable of acting in synergy with one another so as to trigger an inflammatory reaction, characterized in that it comprises an in vitro inflammatory response test using modified cell lines.

Novel biaromatic compounds, which are vitamin D analogs, processes for their preparation and cosmetic, dermatological and pharmaceutical preparations containing one or more of these compounds.

A parenteral nutrition including at least one of an amino acid, a dextrose, a lipid, an electrolyte or a mixture thereof and a trace element including at least one of zinc, copper, selenium, or manganese is provided. The parenteral nutrition including the trace element is stable for about at least 3 days to about 14 days. Methods of preparing and using the stable injectable parenteral nutrition are also provided.

A parenteral nutrition including at least one of an amino acid, a dextrose, a lipid, an electrolyte or a mixture thereof and a trace element including at least one of zinc, copper, selenium, or manganese is provided. The parenteral nutrition including the trace element is stable for about at least 3 days to about 14 days. Methods of preparing and using the stable injectable parenteral nutrition are also provided.

Disclosed herein are polymorphic and amorphous forms of anhydrate, hydrate, and solvates of (R)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(2,4,5-trimethyl-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dienyl)butanamide and methods of using such compositions for treating or suppressing oxidative stress disorders, including mitochondrial disorders, impaired energy processing disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and diseases of aging. Further disclosed are methods of making such polymorphic and amorphous forms.