The present invention relates to nutritional compositions comprising 2′-Fucosyllactose (2′FL), Di-fucosyllactose (Di-FL), Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3′-Sialyllactose (3′SL) and 6′-Sialyllactose (6′SL) for use in improving gastrointestinal barrier. In particular, the present invention relates to improving the gastrointestinal barrier in an infant, a young child or children aged above 3 years to 8 years.

Proposed is a technology related to the ionization of silicon, and more particularly, to a technology for ionization by organizing silicon using a water-soluble silicate with a tricarboxylic acid or a dicarboxylic acid. This technology enables preparation and use of products containing an organized silicon ion complex in a variety of applications including foods such as water and beverages and medical products, as well as electrochemical applications. In particular, it is expected to treat and prevent various diseases caused by silicon deficiency by providing an organized form of silicon that does not exist as an ion in nature.

The present disclosure provides compounds useful as inhibitors of SARM1 NADase activity, compositions thereof, and methods of using the same. The present disclosure provides compounds useful for treating a neurodegenerative or neurological disease or disorder, compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.

Methods are disclosed for treating a subject with a cobalamin C (cblC) deficiency. These methods include selecting a human subject with the cblC deficiency; and administering about 5 mg to about 10 grams of methylcobalamin (MeCbl) daily to the human subject. Methods also are disclosed for treating a fetus with a cobalamin C (cblC) deficiency. The methods include selecting a female human subject pregnant with the fetus that has the cblC deficiency; and administering about 5 mg to about 10 grams of MeCbl daily to the female human subject, in order to treat the cblC deficiency in the fetus. Optionally, OHCbl can be administered to the subject.

Methods are disclosed for treating a subject with a cobalamin C (cblC) deficiency. These methods include selecting a human subject with the cblC deficiency; and administering about 5 mg to about 10 grams of methylcobalamin (MeCbl) daily to the human subject. Methods also are disclosed for treating a fetus with a cobalamin C (cblC) deficiency. The methods include selecting a female human subject pregnant with the fetus that has the cblC deficiency; and administering about 5 mg to about 10 grams of MeCbl daily to the female human subject, in order to treat the cblC deficiency in the fetus. Optionally, OHCbl can be administered to the subject.

Compositions containing iron and denatured protein have been prepared that are capable of increasing serum iron and other divalent metal cations in a subject. For example, edible microbeads have been prepared containing iron entrapped within a protein matrix that provides a gastroprotective effect and improves iron bioavailability relative to previously known vehicles for delivering iron to a subject.

The invention provides recombinant host organisms genetically modified with a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthase system and one or more accessory proteins that allow for and/or improve the production of PUFAs in the host organism. The present invention also relates to methods of making and using such organisms as well as products obtained from such organisms.

The invention provides recombinant host organisms genetically modified with a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthase system and one or more accessory proteins that allow for and/or improve the production of PUFAs in the host organism. The present invention also relates to methods of making and using such organisms as well as products obtained from such organisms.

The present invention is directed to isolated microorganisms as well as strains and mutants thereof, biomasses, microbial oils, compositions, and cultures; methods of producing the microbial oils, biomasses, and mutants; and methods of using the isolated microorganisms, biomasses, and microbial oils.

A stable, controlled release formulation for oral dosing of vitamin D compounds is disclosed. The formulation is prepared by incorporating one or more vitamin D compounds into a solid or semi-solid mixture of waxy materials. Oral dosage forms can be prepared by melt-blending the components described herein and filling gelatin capsules with the formulation.