The present invention relates to compositions and methods relating to biomarkers (e.g., calcitriol (i.e., 1,25(OH).sub.2D.sub.3) to 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.sub.3 (i.e., 24,25(OH).sub.2D.sub.3) to calcifediol (i.e., 25(OH)D.sub.3) proportion ratio (C24CPR)) that can be used for detection and treatment assessment of vitamin D deficiency or vitamin D imbalance and/or diseases or disorders associated with vitamin D deficiency or vitamin D imbalance, such as cancer, in a subject in need thereof. The present invention also provides methods of diagnosing vitamin D deficiency or vitamin D imbalance and/or diseases or disorders associated with vitamin D deficiency or vitamin D imbalance and distinguishing between different types of diseases or disorders associated with vitamin D deficiency or vitamin D imbalance (e.g., cancer vs autoimmune disease or disorder).

A 25-hydroxycholecalciferol monohydrate crystal, a preparation method thereof, and a microemulsion using the 25-hydroxycholecalciferol monohydrate crystal. The X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of the 25-hydroxycholecalciferol monohydrate crystal of the present disclosure shows characteristic peaks at 2θ of 10.035°, 11.623°, 14.631°, 15.054°, 15.551°, 16.471°, 17.198°, 19.002°, 19.628°, 20.109°, 21.886°, 23.113°, 23.661°, 24.701°, 25.220°, 25.440°, and 28.527°. The 25-hydroxycholecalciferol monohydrate crystal can effectively enhance the stability of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, and is more beneficial to the production and storage of related preparations, and thus biological characteristics of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol can be effectively utilized.

The present invention provides antibodies that bind to the human glucagon receptor, designated GCGR and methods of using same. According to certain embodiments of the invention, the antibodies are fully human antibodies that bind to human GCGR. The antibodies of the invention are useful for lowering blood glucose levels and blood ketone levels and are also useful for the treatment of diseases and disorders associated with one or more GCGR biological activities, including the treatment of diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis and long-term complications associated with diabetes, or other metabolic disorders characterized in part by elevated blood glucose levels.

The invention relates to a novel glucose polymer which is particularly useful for administration by the parenteral route, and to the method for the production thereof. The invention also relates to compositions comprising such a glucose polymer, and to the methods for the production thereof. The invention further relates to the use thereof as a medicament, for example as an osmotic agent for peritoneal dialysis.

Novel marine lipid compositions comprising triglycerides and omega-3 rich phospholipids are described. The compositions are characterized by providing highly bioavailable omega-3, increased tissue incorporation of omega-3 and reduced concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

The present invention provides methods and compositions for treating thyroid-related medical conditions. Many thyroid-related medical conditions exist that go undiagnosed and untreated. These conditions may be prevented and treated with reduced folates and vitamin B12. Administration of reduced folates and vitamin B12 will prevent or treat cerebrospinal folate deficiency, which is linked to thyroid-related medical conditions. Administration of reduced folates and vitamin B12 will also prevent or treat conditions associated with masked megaloblastic anemia and hypothyroidism, and other conditions brought upon through improper thyroid function. Additionally, it is commonplace to treat many thyroid conditions with anti-thyroid drugs or thyroid stimulating drugs. This practice alone is also responsible for causing, or not beneficially addressing, adverse conditions that can be prevented or treated through the methods and compositions discussed herein.

The present invention concerns a food composition for use in preventing nutrients' inadequacies in lactating women with high saturated fatty acid type dietary patter.

The present invention concerns a food composition for use in preventing nutrients' inadequacies in lactating women with high saturated fatty acid type dietary patter.

Provided herein is a novel composition for oral administration and delivery of Noble gas, such as xenon or argon. Methods of treating and preventing neuronal or cardiovascular damage with such compositions are also provided.

An organoleptically acceptable composition containing a ketone body or a ketone body precursor including a hydroxybutyrate ester and a flavouring is provided and gives improved palatability and user adherence to the intended dose regime. The flavouring may be a bitter flavouring and the composition may further contain an adsorbent for the ketone such that on ingestion, the bitterness of the composition may be masked. The composition may be in the form of a solid, gel or liquid and provides increased blood ketone levels and may be used in therapy or in treating muscle impairment or fatigue.