The present invention relates to a process for producing ethyl esters of polyunsaturated fatty acids, comprising transesterifying triacylglycerols in extracted plant lipid.

An organoleptically acceptable composition containing a ketone body or a ketone body precursor including a hydroxybutyrate ester and a flavouring is provided and gives improved palatability and user adherence to the intended dose regime. The flavouring may be a bitter flavouring and the composition may further contain an adsorbent for the ketone such that on ingestion, the bitterness of the composition may be masked. The composition may be in the form of a solid, gel or liquid and provides increased blood ketone levels and may be used in therapy or in treating muscle impairment or fatigue.

The invention described herein provides for methods and systems for determining, selecting, and/or treating diseases and conditions caused by or associated with high quantities of methanogens in a subject, or diseases and conditions caused by or associated with low quantities of methanogens in a subject. In various embodiments, a therapy to inhibit the growth of methanogens or to promote the growth of methanogens are selected and/or administered to a subject in need thereof.

In various embodiments, the present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising fatty acids and methods for treating subjects using same.

Provided herein are compounds that bind to androgen receptors and/or modulate activity of androgen receptors. Also provided are methods for making and using such compounds. Also provided are compositions including such compounds and methods for making and using such compositions.

The invention provides recombinant host organisms (e.g., plants) genetically modified with a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthase system and one or more accessory proteins (e.g., PPTase and/or ACoAS) that allow for and/or improve the production of PUFAs in the host organism. The present invention also relates to methods of making and using such organisms (e.g., to obtain PUFAs) as well as products obtained from such organisms (e.g., oil and/or seed).

A 25-hydroxycholecalciferol monohydrate crystal, a preparation method thereof, and a microemulsion using the 25-hydroxycholecalciferol monohydrate crystal. The X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of the 25-hydroxycholecalciferol monohydrate crystal of the present disclosure shows characteristic peaks at 2 of 10.035, 11.623, 14.631, 15.054, 15.551, 16.471, 17.198, 19.002, 19.628, 20.109, 21.886, 23.113, 23.661, 24.701, 25.220, 25.440, and 28.527. The 25-hydroxycholecalciferol monohydrate crystal can effectively enhance the stability of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, and is more beneficial to the production and storage of related preparations, and thus biological characteristics of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol can be effectively utilized.

Provided herein are antigenic molecules that can be used to generate antibodies capable of binding to a vitamin D derivative, such as 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and/or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, or a 25-hydroxyvitamin D analog, such as a vitamin D-C22 immunogenic molecule or compound. Antibodies produced using these antigenic molecules, and related antigenic compounds, are also described. In addition, disclosed herein are methods for detecting vitamin D deficiency in a subject, methods for treating a subject suspected of having a vitamin D deficiency, methods for monitoring progression of vitamin D deficiency in a subject, and methods for monitoring treatment of vitamin D deficiency in a subject in need thereof. The methods involve the detection or quantification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3. Also provided are methods and reagents for the detection or quantification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3, methods for stabilizing vitamin D analogs, and methods for separating 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 from vitamin D binding protein in a biological sample.

The present invention relates to a pulverulent vitamin formulation in which the vitamin essentially has a particle size of less than 0.7 m and which comprises an effective amount of propyl gallate, and also to processes for producing this formulation, and to formulations obtainable by these processes and to the use thereof as animal feed, food, food supplement, personal care product or pharmaceutical composition. The formulations of the invention have improved stability compared to the prior art.

Certain embodiments described herein pertain to optical sensors, systems and methods for continuous glucose monitoring. In some embodiments, methods of preparing a layered optical sensor are disclosed. The optical sensor can be formed by laminating a plurality of sheets together to form a final sensor. In some embodiments, the sensor tip comprises a oxygen conduit, an enzymatic layer, and an sensing layer. In some embodiments, the sensor includes a plurality of waveguides configured to direct light to and from a target material, such as an oxygen sensing polymer. Systems are also disclosed for an adhesive system for attaching an optical sensor-transmitter system. Methods and systems are also disclosed for a sensor inserter system. The inserter can include a lancet tip that includes a convex feature attached to a first surface of the lancet tip.