Described are GCF-8 inhibitors of the formula (I),

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and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein n, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, X and Z are defined herein. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same. Such compounds and compositions are useful in methods for inhibiting GDF-8 in a cell and methods for treating a patient suffering from a disease or disorder, wherein the patient would therapeutically benefit from an increase in mass or strength of muscle tissue.

Disclosed are methods and compositions for testosterone replacement therapy, especially for use in administration to hypogonadal males. The methods and compositions employ a fixed dose dosing regimen that does not require titration or dose adjustments and that can provide a therapeutically effective amount of a non-undecanoate testosterone ester while avoiding unacceptably high testosterone levels.

Disclosed are methods and compositions for testosterone replacement therapy, especially for use in administration to hypogonadal males. The methods and compositions employ a fixed dose dosing regimen that does not require titration or dose adjustments and that can provide a therapeutically effective amount of a non-undecanoate testosterone ester while avoiding unacceptably high testosterone levels.

The present invention relates to a vaccine composition for removing boar taint, the vaccine composition including a recombinant protein in which a cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and n gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH) are fused, and more specifically, provides a recombinant protein for removing boar taint to induce antibodies against GnRH, a recombinant vector for producing the same, a vaccine composition for removing boar taint, the vaccine composition including the recombinant protein, and a method for removing boar taint using the same. The vaccine composition according to the present invention induces antibodies against GnRH in an individual and has the effect of atrophying the testes through the induction of antibodies. Therefore, the present invention can be usefully used to remove boar taint by immunologically castrating a boar at low cost and with high safety and minimal side effects.

Cerclage pessary containing progesterone homogeneously distributed in the pessary body providing a prolonged, sustained and continuous release for a period of at least 6 months, wherein the pessary consists of dimethylsiloxane elastomer with RTV (Room Temperature Vulcanization) mechanism, the progesterone amount is from 20% to 30% w/w, relative to pessary weight and the ratios of the polymers forming the matrix is from 6:1 to 14 1. The cerclage pessary is useful for the prevention of preterm birth. Progesterone diffuses through the polymer continuously, without altering the shape and integrity of the pessary, since the elastomer forming the polymeric matrix used herein is not biodegradable. This guarantees that the form of pessary remains intact until the end of treatment.

The present invention relates to methods of synthesizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, in recombinant cells such as yeast or plant cells. Also provided are recombinant cells or plants which produce long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a group of new enzymes which possess desaturase or elongase activity that can be used in methods of synthesizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. In particular, the present invention provides ω3 destaurases, Δ5 elongases and Δ6 desaturases with novel activities. Also provided are methods and DNA constructs for transiently and/or stably transforming cells, particularly plant cells, with multiple genes.

The present invention relates to compounds and their uses, in particular, compounds in the form of prodrugs that promote transport of a pharmaceutical agent to the lymphatic system and subsequently enhance release of the parent drug.

A drug delivery system for oral administration of hydrophobic drugs with enhanced and extended absorption and improved pharmacokinetics is provided. In one embodiment, formulations comprising testosterone and testosterone esters, e.g., testosterone palmitate, are disclosed. Methods of treating a hormone deficiency or effecting male contraception with the inventive formulations are also provided.

The invention features methods for preventing or treating CGRP associated disorders such as vasomotor symptoms, including headaches (e.g., migraine, cluster headache, and tension headache) and hot flushes, by administering an anti-CGRP antagonist antibody. Antagonist antibody G1 and antibodies derived from G1 directed to CGRP are also described.

A composition of the present invention relates to a composition comprising dutasteride, wherein said composition may maintain a constant concentration of dutasteride in blood and continuously release a drug thereof for a long period of time while not precipitating dutasteride in a solid form when being administered into the human body, and also has an excellent safety without causing local irritations in an administration site.