The invention relates to variants and fusions of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), variants and fusions of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), fusions of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and/or fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and variants or fusions of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and/or fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) proteins and peptide sequences (and peptidomimetics), having one or more activities, such as glucose lowering activity, and methods for and uses in treatment of hyperglycemia and other disorders.

The present invention relates to the use of a galactooligosaccharide composition for preventing or reducing the risk of developing metabolic syndrome.

A composition in the form of an injectable aqueous solution, with pH from 3.5 to 4.4, including at least human insulin A21G and at least one glucagon suppressor with prandial action. In an embodiment, the glucagon suppressor with prandial action is selected from an amylin analog or an amylin receptor agonist or a GLP-1 analog or a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA). In an embodiment, the glucagon suppressor with prandial action is an amylin analog or an amylin receptor agonist. In an embodiment, the glucagon suppressor peptide with prandial action is pramlintide. Also, a method for obtaining human insulin A21G, includes at least one step of reacting human insulin A21G, B31R, B32R (insulin glargine) with rat carboxypeptidase B at an insulin/carboxypeptidase ratio from 500 to 2000, at a pH from 7.5 to 8.5 and a temperature from 20 to 30° C. for 10 to 20 hours.

An in vitro method of preparing insulin-producing cell clusters for transplantation into a subject, comprising (a) seeding pancreatic progenitor cells onto a three-dimensional, porous scaffold at a seeding density greater than about 12.5 million cells per cm.sup.3 of scaffold and less than about 150 million cells per cm.sup.3 of scaffold, wherein the scaffold comprises a plurality of pores having an average pore diameter greater than about 225 μm and less than about 550 pm, and (b) culturing the cells on the scaffold for more than about 3 days in culture medium to obtain insulin-producing cell clusters within the pores of the scaffold for transplantation into a subject. In exemplary aspects, the pancreatic progenitor cells are cells derived from pluripotent stem cells.

A glucopyranosyl derivative as a sodium-dependent glucose transporters inhibitor, especially as a SGLT1 inhibitor, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a stereoisomer thereof, a pharmaceutical composition thereof, and the uses of the compound and pharmaceutical composition thereof in the preparation of drugs for the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-related diseases.

Provided are novel compounds of Formula (I):

##STR00001##

pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, which are useful in the treatment of diseases and disorders mediated by RORγ. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the novel compounds of Formula (I) and methods for their use in treating one or more inflammatory, metabolic, autoimmune and other diseases or disorders.

The invention relates to Fatty Acid Acetylated Salicylate Derivatives; compositions comprising an effective amount of a Fatty Acid Acetylated Salicylate Derivative; and methods for treating or preventing an inflammatory disorder comprising the administration of an effective amount of a Fatty Acid Acetylated Salicylate Derivative.

The present disclosure provides conjugates that comprise an insulin molecule conjugated via a conjugate framework to two or more separate ligands that each include a saccharide, wherein the framework, ligand, saccharide and insulin molecule optionally comprise a fatty chain (e.g., a C8-30 fatty chain), wherein when said insulin molecule is conjugated both to a C8-30 fatty chain and one or more separate ligands that each include a saccharide, said C8-30 fatty chain is linked to insulin molecule only, and wherein when the framework or ligand comprises a fatty chain the insulin molecule is conjugated to two or more separate ligands. In certain embodiments, a conjugate is characterized in that, when the conjugate is administered to a mammal, at least one pharmacokinetic (PK) and/or pharmacodynamic (PD) property of the conjugate is sensitive to serum concentration of a second saccharide. In certain embodiments, a conjugate is also characterized by having a protracted PK profile. Exemplary conjugates and sustained release formulations are provided in addition to methods of use and preparation.

The present disclosure provides conjugates which comprise an insulin molecule conjugated via a conjugate framework to one or more separate ligands that include a first saccharide, and wherein the conjugate framework also comprises a fatty chain (e.g., a C8-30 fatty chain). In certain embodiments, a conjugate is characterized in that, when the conjugate is administered to a mammal, at least one pharmacokinetic (PK) and/or pharmacodynamic (PD) property of the conjugate is sensitive to serum concentration of a second saccharide. In certain embodiments, a conjugate is also characterized by having a protracted PK profile. Exemplary conjugates and sustained release formulations are provided in addition to methods of use and preparation.

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for providing a cell replacement therapy to treat various diseases, including pancreatic diseases and diabetes. Specifically, the disclosure provides three-dimensional (3D) cell clusters of transdifferentiated insulin producing cells attached to scaffolds, such as a polysaccharide matrix, in order to provide a cell replacement therapy.