An image forming apparatus includes an oscillator configured to oscillate a laser beam, an irradiation portion configured to radiate the laser beam oscillated by the oscillator to an outside, a light absorption unit configured to absorb the laser beam and to convert the laser beam to heat, and a control unit. The control unit is configured to control, in an irradiation state, the irradiation portion to press the irradiation portion against a workpiece with first pressing force via the light absorption unit and irradiate the workpiece with the laser beam. The control unit is configured to control, in a non-irradiation state, the radiation portion to press the irradiation portion against the workpiece with second pressing force smaller than the first pressing force via the light absorption unit, or to separate the irradiation portion from the light absorption unit so as to set the second pressing force to zero.

Embodiments of the present invention feature apparatus and methods for manufacturing a personalized identification document including one or more dyes and/or pigments embedded in the substrate.

A device for marking a component. The device includes a laser device for generating a laser marking beam, a support surface for providing the component to be marked, and a housing for housing a working region between the laser device and the component to be marked. The housing has a multi-part design, and the housing includes at least a first housing part and a second housing part. The two housing parts are designed to be movable relative to each other and are arranged such that in a loading position, the housing provides an open working region, by means of which the component to be marked can be introduced into the working region, and in a working position, the housing completely closes the working region.

A marking system (1) for marking a marking object (2) comprises a marking device (13) for attaching a marking (20) on a marking object (2), a detection device (15, 16) for detecting identification information (300) associated with the marking object (2), and a control device (10) for controlling the marking device (13), the control device (10) being designed to authenticate identification information (300) detected by the detection device (15, 16) and to control the marking device (13) on the basis of the authentication. In this way, a marking system for marking a marking object is provided, which makes reliable marking of permitted marking objects possible.

A wavelength tunable interference filter includes a movable section having a mirror region that faces a first mirror in a first direction and an electrode so provided in a region outside the mirror region in a plan view viewed in the first direction as to surround the mirror region along the circumferential direction thereof, the electrode configured to displace the movable section in the first direction when voltage is applied to the electrode, and the width of the electrode in the plan view varies in the circumferential direction.

A wavelength tunable interference filter includes a movable section having a mirror region that faces a first mirror in a first direction and an electrode so provided in a region outside the mirror region in a plan view viewed in the first direction as to surround the mirror region along the circumferential direction thereof, the electrode configured to displace the movable section in the first direction when voltage is applied to the electrode, and the width of the electrode in the plan view varies in the circumferential direction.

An ejection material is injected into a container through a pipe. Thereafter, the pipe is blocked at a blocked part and then the pipe is cut off. The pipe is cut off such that the blocked part is included in a portion of the pipe connected to the container.

An ejection material is injected into a container through a pipe. Thereafter, the pipe is blocked at a blocked part and then the pipe is cut off. The pipe is cut off such that the blocked part is included in a portion of the pipe connected to the container.

A printing apparatus, including a laser to treat a substrate by at least partially carbonizing said substrate, where tar-like compounds are formed in the substrate as reaction products of the carbonizing, and an electromagnetic radiator irradiates the reaction products in the substrate to cause at least the tar-like compounds to polymerize and interlink. Further embodiments relate to a printing apparatus, including a laser to treat a substrate, where reaction products are formed in the substrate, and a compressor compresses at least the reaction products in the substrate. An embodiment also relates to a printing method, including at least partially carbonizing a substrate with a laser, forming tar-like compounds as reaction products of the carbonizing in said substrate; compressing the reaction products onto the substrate; and supplying energy to the reaction products that are pressed onto the substrate.

A printing apparatus, including: a feed, a printer, a controller configured to control operation of the printer, and a print quality sensor configured to acquire print quality information, where the controller is configured to adapt operation of the printer based on the print quality information. Further embodiment relates to a printing method, including the steps of: printing on a substrate in a printing operation; acquiring print quality information; and adaptation of the printing operation based on the print quality information.