Provided are vesicles derived from Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and to uses thereof. It has been experimentally confirmed by the present inventors that the vesicles in the clinical samples of patients with gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, lymphoma, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and Parkinson's disease were significantly reduced in comparison with a normal person and that when vesicles isolated from the strain were administered, the secretion of inflammatory mediators caused by pathogenic vesicles, such as E. coli-derived vesicles, was significantly inhibited. The vesicles derived from Faecalibacterium prausnitzii according to the subject matter are expected to be usefully employed for the purposes of developing a method for diagnosing gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, lymphoma, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and/or Parkinson's disease, and a composition for preventing, alleviating, or treating said diseases.

Provided are vesicles derived from Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and to uses thereof. It has been experimentally confirmed by the present inventors that the vesicles in the clinical samples of patients with gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, lymphoma, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and Parkinson's disease were significantly reduced in comparison with a normal person and that when vesicles isolated from the strain were administered, the secretion of inflammatory mediators caused by pathogenic vesicles, such as E. coli-derived vesicles, was significantly inhibited. The vesicles derived from Faecalibacterium prausnitzii according to the subject matter are expected to be usefully employed for the purposes of developing a method for diagnosing gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, lymphoma, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and/or Parkinson's disease, and a composition for preventing, alleviating, or treating said diseases.

The present invention relates to methods of synthesizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, in recombinant cells such as yeast or plant cells. Also provided are recombinant cells or plants which produce long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a group of new enzymes which possess desaturase or elongase activity that can be used in methods of synthesizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. In particular, the present invention provides ω3 destaurases, Δ5 elongases and Δ6 desaturases with novel activities. Also provided are methods and DNA constructs for transiently and/or stably transforming cells, particularly plant cells, with multiple genes.

The invention is directed to substituted piperidine derivatives. Specifically, the invention is directed to compounds according to Formula IIII:

##STR00001##

wherein A, B, X, Y, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.3, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.9, z.sup.2, z.sup.4, z.sup.5, and z.sup.6 are as defined herein, and salts thereof.

The compounds of the invention are inhibitors of the ATF4 pathway and can be useful in the treatment of cancer, pre-cancerous syndromes and diseases associated with activated unfolded protein response pathways, such as Alzheimer’s disease, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, stroke, diabetes, Parkinson disease, Huntington’s disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, and related prion diseases, progressive supranuclear palsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, fibrosis, chronic and acute diseases of the liver, chronic and acute diseases of the lung, chronic and acute diseases of the kidney, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), neurodegeneration, dementia, cognitive impairment, atherosclerosis, ocular diseases, arrhythmias, in organ transplantation and in the transportation of organs for transplantation. Accordingly, the invention is further directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the invention. The invention is still further directed to methods of inhibiting the ATF4 pathway and treatment of disorders associated therewith using a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention.

The disclosure relates to a pressurized Metered Dose Inhaler-compatible tablet, i.e. one that is able to be dispersed or disintegrates within a liquid phase propellant, which is used in a pressurized Metered Dose Inhaler formulation containing at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient and one or more excipients.

The present invention relates to a process for producing ethyl esters of polyunsaturated fatty acids, comprising transesterifying triacylglycerols in extracted plant lipid.

Provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising two or more compounds, wherein each compound is independently a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, an adenosine receptor antagonist, a calcium channel blocker, a histamine H.sub.1-receptor agonist, a histamine H.sub.2-receptor agonist, a histamine H.sub.3-receptor antagonist, or a β.sub.2-adrenoreceptor agonist. Also provided herein is a method of treating, preventing, or ameliorating a cardiovascular disease in a subject, comprising administering to the subject in need thereof two or more compounds, wherein each compound is independently a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, an adenosine receptor antagonist, a calcium channel blocker, a histamine H.sub.1-receptor agonist, a histamine H.sub.2-receptor agonist, a histamine H.sub.3-receptor antagonist, or a β.sub.2-adrenoreceptor agonist.

Provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising two or more compounds, wherein each compound is independently a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, an adenosine receptor antagonist, a calcium channel blocker, a histamine H.sub.1-receptor agonist, a histamine H.sub.2-receptor agonist, a histamine H.sub.3-receptor antagonist, or a β.sub.2-adrenoreceptor agonist. Also provided herein is a method of treating, preventing, or ameliorating a cardiovascular disease in a subject, comprising administering to the subject in need thereof two or more compounds, wherein each compound is independently a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, an adenosine receptor antagonist, a calcium channel blocker, a histamine H.sub.1-receptor agonist, a histamine H.sub.2-receptor agonist, a histamine H.sub.3-receptor antagonist, or a β.sub.2-adrenoreceptor agonist.

The present invention relates to new tricyclic triazolic compounds having a great affinity for sigma receptors, especially sigma-1 receptors, as well as to the process for the preparation thereof, to compositions comprising them, and to their use as medicaments.

The present invention relates to hydroxy-triglycerides, their synthesis, a pharmaceutical and/or nutraceutical composition which comprises at least one of said hydroxy-triglycerides, and a method which comprises the administration to a patient of a therapeutically effective quantity of at least one of said hydroxy-triglycerides or at least one of said pharmaceutical and/or nutraceutical compositions, for the prevention and/or treatment of at least one disease selected from cancer, metabolic/cardiovascular diseases, and/or neurological/inflammatory diseases.