A polypeptide composition for treating atrial fibrillation includes a polypeptide that has a sequence: fADNYTRLRKQMAVKKYLNSILN-NH.sub.2 (SEQ ID NO: 1),

##STR00001##

From an N-terminus of the polypeptide, a first amino acid (f) is a D-Phe, a second amino acid is Ala, and a third amino acid is Asp; and the peptide is linear in a solution and forms an α-helix structure after encountering a lipid bilayer.

A polypeptide composition for treating atrial fibrillation includes a polypeptide that has a sequence: fADNYTRLRKQMAVKKYLNSILN-NH.sub.2 (SEQ ID NO: 1),

##STR00001##

From an N-terminus of the polypeptide, a first amino acid (f) is a D-Phe, a second amino acid is Ala, and a third amino acid is Asp; and the peptide is linear in a solution and forms an α-helix structure after encountering a lipid bilayer.

The present invention generally relates to the use of small particles, such as micro particles or nanoparticles, to produce a therapeutic scar such as “trans-mural” scarring or other desired “deep tissue” scarring. In one preferred embodiment, these particles can be delivered to a target location by an implant. More specifically, these particles can be incorporated into the structure of implants or into the coatings on implants. In another preferred embodiment, these small particles can be delivered directly with a catheter by electrophoresis or hydraulic pressure.

The present invention relates to a crystal form of (−)-Cibenzoline succinate. In addition, the present invention relates to a method for preparing (−)-Cibenzoline succinate having a chiral purity of 99.9% or higher. Additionally, the present invention provides a method for preparing (−)-Cibenzoline succinate and a crystal form thereof.

The present invention relates to a crystal form of (−)-Cibenzoline succinate. In addition, the present invention relates to a method for preparing (−)-Cibenzoline succinate having a chiral purity of 99.9% or higher. Additionally, the present invention provides a method for preparing (−)-Cibenzoline succinate and a crystal form thereof.

A compound of formula I

##STR00001##

wherein A, X, Y, Z, R.sub.1 and R.sub.24 are described herein. The compounds are useful as inhibitors of potassium channel function and in the treatment and prevention of arrhythmia, I.sub.Kur-associated disorders, and other disorders mediated by ion channel function.

The present invention is related to methods of treating cardiac arrhythmia, angina, or a migraine in a patient in need thereof, with a therapeutically effective amount of a compound having a structure according to the formula:

##STR00001##

the method comprising nasally administering to the patient (i) a first dose, and (ii) a second dose of an aqueous composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable acetate or methanesulfonate salt of compound I, or a racemate or enantiomer thereof, wherein the acetate or methanesulfonate salt of compound I, or the racemate or enantiomer thereof, is dissolved in the aqueous composition at a concentration of 350 mg/mL±50 mg/mL, and wherein the second dose of the compound is administered between 5 minutes and 25 minutes after the first dose.

The present invention is related to methods of treating cardiac arrhythmia, angina, or a migraine in a patient in need thereof, with a therapeutically effective amount of a compound having a structure according to the formula:

##STR00001##

the method comprising nasally administering to the patient (i) a first dose, and (ii) a second dose of an aqueous composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable acetate or methanesulfonate salt of compound I, or a racemate or enantiomer thereof, wherein the acetate or methanesulfonate salt of compound I, or the racemate or enantiomer thereof, is dissolved in the aqueous composition at a concentration of 350 mg/mL±50 mg/mL, and wherein the second dose of the compound is administered between 5 minutes and 25 minutes after the first dose.

Provided are assay systems for determining the therapeutic or toxic effect of a putative drug based on assaying its activity in cells which have been differentiated in vitro from stem cells, and induced to display a phenotype that resembles a disease to be treated.

The present invention includes surprisingly water-soluble salts of a phenylalkylamide compound that are potent antagonists of L-type, calcium channels. Aqueous solutions including salts of the instant invention are formulated for nasal administration and provide a novel therapeutic platform for the treatment of stable angina, migraine, and cardiac arrhythmia, such as paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.