Methoxylated flavonoids are described for their compositions and uses in hypertension treatment as vasodilators. The flavonoids are intravenously administered in a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) in combination with linoleic acid which provides lowering heart rate, thus suppressing reflex tachycardia elicited by the vasodilating effect of flavonoids. The compositions are used to treat or prevent acute hypertension or any acute symptoms of emergency hypertension.

Methoxylated flavonoids are described for their compositions and uses in hypertension treatment as vasodilators. The flavonoids are intravenously administered in a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) in combination with linoleic acid which provides lowering heart rate, thus suppressing reflex tachycardia elicited by the vasodilating effect of flavonoids. The compositions are used to treat or prevent acute hypertension or any acute symptoms of emergency hypertension.

The pharmaceutical compositions described herein include a suspension which comprises an admixture in solid form of a therapeutically effective amount of a therapeutic agent and at least one salt of a medium chain fatty acid and a hydrophobic medium, e.g. castor oil or glyceryl tricaprylate or a mixture thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions described herein contain medium chain fatty acid salts and are substantially free of alcohols. The pharmaceutical compositions may be encapsulated in a capsule. Methods of treating or preventing diseases by administering such compositions to affected subjects are also disclosed.

Products, compositions, systems, and methods for modifying a target structure which mediates or is associated with a biological activity, including treatment of conditions, disorders, or diseases mediated by or associated with a target structure, such as a virus, cell, subcellular structure or extracellular structure. The methods may be performed in situ in a non-invasive manner by placing a nanoparticle having a metallic shell on at least a fraction of a surface in a vicinity of a target structure in a subject and applying an initiation energy to a subject thus producing an effect on or change to the target structure directly or via a modulation agent. The nanoparticle is configured, upon exposure to a first wavelength λ.sub.1, to generate a second wavelength λ.sub.2 of radiation having a higher energy than the first wavelength λ.sub.1. The methods may further be performed by application of an initiation energy to a subject in situ to activate a pharmaceutical agent directly or via an energy modulation agent, optionally in the presence of one or more plasmonics active agents, thus producing an effect on or change to the target structure. Kits containing products or compositions formulated or configured and systems for use in practicing these methods.

An extract of Amaranth, having enriched nitrate content, L-arginine, Flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins, potassium, and with negligible amount of oxalic acid or oxalate content. The extract of Amaranth can be prepared from fresh or dried leaves and stem of Amaranth. Dosage forms of extract include fast melt tablet, lozenge, candy, chewing gum, beverage, tablet, capsule, pill, and powder. The extract of Amaranth enhances nitric oxide concentration, enhances nitrate level concentration, and enhances nitrite level in blood as well as in saliva. Administering the extract can lower blood pressure, increase physical endurance, increase swimming endurance, increase running endurance, and improve sexual performance among human beings.

Both purinergic signaling through nucleotides such as ATP and noradrenergic signaling through molecules such as norepinephrine regulate vascular tone and blood pressure. Pannexin1 (Panx1), which forms large-pore, ATP-releasing channels, is present in vascular smooth muscle cells in peripheral blood vessels and participates in noradrenergic responses. Using pharmacological approaches and mice conditionally lacking Panx1 in smooth muscle cells, we found that Panx1 contributed to vasoconstriction mediated by the α1 adrenoreceptor (α1AR), whereas vasoconstriction in response to serotonin or endothelin-1 was independent of Panx1. Analysis of the Panx1-deficient mice showed that Panx1 contributed to blood pressure regulation especially during the night cycle when sympathetic nervous activity is highest. Using mimetic peptides and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified a specific amino acid sequence in the Panx1 intracellular loop that is essential for activation by α1AR signaling. Collectively, these data describe a specific link between noradrenergic and purinergic signaling in blood pressure homeostasis.

Both purinergic signaling through nucleotides such as ATP and noradrenergic signaling through molecules such as norepinephrine regulate vascular tone and blood pressure. Pannexin1 (Panx1), which forms large-pore, ATP-releasing channels, is present in vascular smooth muscle cells in peripheral blood vessels and participates in noradrenergic responses. Using pharmacological approaches and mice conditionally lacking Panx1 in smooth muscle cells, we found that Panx1 contributed to vasoconstriction mediated by the α1 adrenoreceptor (α1AR), whereas vasoconstriction in response to serotonin or endothelin-1 was independent of Panx1. Analysis of the Panx1-deficient mice showed that Panx1 contributed to blood pressure regulation especially during the night cycle when sympathetic nervous activity is highest. Using mimetic peptides and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified a specific amino acid sequence in the Panx1 intracellular loop that is essential for activation by α1AR signaling. Collectively, these data describe a specific link between noradrenergic and purinergic signaling in blood pressure homeostasis.

There is herein provided a compound that is an mPGES-1 inhibitor, or a prodrug thereof, for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease or disorder characterised by vasoconstriction.

There is herein provided a compound that is an mPGES-1 inhibitor, or a prodrug thereof, for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease or disorder characterised by vasoconstriction.

Ammonia oxidizing microorganism preparations for delivery to the gastrointestinal system, kits including ammonia oxidizing preparations for delivery to the gastrointestinal system, and devices for administering ammonia oxidizing preparations to the gastrointestinal system are provided. Methods of introducing ammonia oxidizing microorganisms to the gastrointestinal system are provided. Methods of treating disorders, including gastrointestinal disorders and inflammatory disorders, with ammonia oxidizing microorganism preparations are provided.